TURBERVILLE, or TURBERVILE, GEORGE (1540?-1610).—­Poet, belonging to an ancient Dorsetshire family, was b. at Whitchurch, and ed. at Winchester and Oxf.  He became sec. to Thomas Randolph, Ambassador to Russia, and made translations from the Latin and Italian, and in 1570 pub. Epitaphes, Epigrams, Songs, and Sonets.  He also wrote books on Falconrie and Hunting, and was one of the first to use blank verse.

TURNER, SHARON (1768-1847).—­Historian, b. in London, was a solicitor, and becoming interested in the study of Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon literature, pub. the results of his researches in his History of the Anglo-Saxons (1799-1805).  Thereafter he continued the narrative in History of England (1814-29), carrying it on to the end of the reign of Elizabeth.  These histories, especially the former, though somewhat marred by an attempt to emulate the grandiose style of Gibbon, were works of real research, and opened up, and to a considerable extent developed, a new field of inquiry.  T. also wrote a Sacred History of the World, and a poem on Richard III.

TUSSER, THOMAS (1524?-1580).—­Versifier on agriculture, was an Essex man.  Having a good voice he was trained in music, and was a chorister in St. Paul’s, and afterwards in Norwich Cathedral, and held the post of musician to Lord Paget.  He tried farming at different places, but unsuccessfully, which did not, however, prevent his undertaking to instruct others.  This he does with much shrewdness and point in his Hundreth Goode Pointes of Husbandrie (1557), expressed in rude but lively verse; thereafter he added Hundreth Goode Pointes of Husserie (Housewifery).  The two joined, and with many additions, were repeatedly reprinted as Five Hundredth Pointes of Goode Husbandrie united to as many of Goode Huswifery.  Many proverbs may be traced back to the writings of T., who, in spite of all his shrewdness and talent, d. in prison as a debtor.

TYNDALE, WILLIAM (1484?-1536).—­Translator of the Bible, belonged to a northern family which, migrating to Gloucestershire during the Wars of the Roses, adopted the alternative name of Huchyns or Hychins, which T. himself bore when at Oxf. in 1510.  After graduating there, he went to Camb., where the influence of Erasmus, who had been Prof. of Theology, still operated.  He took orders, and in 1522 was a tutor in the household of Sir John Walsh of Old Sodbury, and was preaching and disputing in the country round, for which he was called to account by the Chancellor of the diocese.  At the same time he translated a treatise by Erasmus, the Enchiridion Militis Christiani (Manual of the Christian Soldier), and in controversy with a local disputant prophesied that he would cause that “a boye that driveth the plough” should know the Scriptures better than his opponent.  Having formed the purpose of translating the New Testament T. went in 1523 to London, and used