STANHOPE, PHILIP HENRY, 5TH EARL STANHOPE (1805-1875).—­Historian, was b. at Walmer, and ed. at Oxf.  He sat in the House of Commons for Wootton Bassett and Hertford, held some minor official appointments under Peel, and identified himself with many useful measures, specially in regard to literature and art.  His writings, which are all remarkable for industrious collection of facts, careful and impartial sifting and weighing of evidence, and a clear, sober, and agreeable style, include History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles (1836-63), and histories of the War of the Spanish Succession (1832), and of the Reign of Queen Anne (1870), besides Lives of the younger Pitt (1861) and of Lord ’Chesterfield.  As an author he is best known as Viscount Mahon.

STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN (1815-1881).—­Historian, biographer, and theologian, s. of Edward S., Bishop of Norwich, b. at Alderley, Cheshire, of which his f. was then rector, ed. at Rugby and Oxf., became a Fellow of Univ.  Coll.  Taking orders in 1839 he became Canon of Canterbury 1851, and of Christ Church 1858, and Dean of Westminster 1864.  He was also Prof. of Ecclesiastical History at Oxf. 1856.  His ecclesiastical position was Erastian and latitudinarian, and his practical aim in Church politics comprehension.  He gave great offence to the High Church party by his championing of Colenso, W.G.  Ward, Jowett, and others, by his preaching in the pulpits of the Church of Scotland and in other ways, and his latitudinarianism made him equally obnoxious to many others.  On the other hand, his singular personal charm and the fascination of his literary style secured for him a very wide popularity.  He was a prolific author, his works including Life of Dr. Arnold (of Rugby) (1844), whose favourite pupil he was, and Memorials of Canterbury (1854), Sinai and Palestine (1855), Lectures on the Eastern Church (1861), History of the Jewish Church (1863, etc.), Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey (1867), Lectures on the History of the Church of Scotland (1872), besides various commentaries.  In his historical writings he aimed rather at conveying a vivid and picturesque general effect than at minute accuracy of detail or philosophical views.  His masterpiece is his Life of Dr. Arnold, which is one of the great biographies in the language.  His wife was Lady Augusta Bruce, to whom he was m. in 1868.

STANLEY, SIR HENRY MORTON (1841-1904).—­Traveller in Africa, b. in America, went to find, and found, Livingstone, and wrote an account of his adventures in the quest, How I found Livingstone.  Other works were In Darkest Africa and Through the Dark Continent.

STANLEY, THOMAS (1625-1678).—­Philosopher and scholar, connected with the Derby family, ed. at Camb., was the author of some poems and of a biographical History of Philosophy (4 vols., 1655-62).  He was learned in the classics, and translated from the Latin and late Greek as well as from the Italian and Portuguese, and ed.  AEschylus.  His poetry is thoughtful and gracefully expressed.