the Church, he was led to think of the medical profession, and engaged in scientific studies, but soon reverted to his first views.  In 1655 he became candidate for the Greek Professorship at Cambridge, but was unsuccessful, and travelled for four years on the Continent as far as Turkey.  On his return he took orders, and, in 1660, obtained the Greek Chair at Cambridge, and in 1662 the Gresham Professorship of Geometry, which he resigned on being appointed first Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in the same university.  During his tenure of this chair he pub. two mathematical works of great learning and elegance, the first on Geometry and the second on Optics.  In 1669 he resigned in favour of his pupil, Isaac Newton, who was long considered his only superior among English mathematicians.  About this time also he composed his Expositions of the Creed, The Lord’s Prayer, Decalogue, and Sacraments.  He was made a D.D. by royal mandate in 1670, and two years later Master of Trinity Coll., where he founded the library.  Besides the works above mentioned, he wrote other important treatises on mathematics, but in literature his place is chiefly supported by his sermons, which are masterpieces of argumentative eloquence, while his treatise on the Pope’s Supremacy is regarded as one of the most perfect specimens of controversy in existence.  B.’s character as a man was in all respects worthy of his great talents, though he had a strong vein of eccentricity.  He d. unmarried in London at the early age of 47.  B.’s theological works were edited by Napier, with memoir by Whewell (9 vols., 1839).

BARTON, BERNARD (1784-1849).—­Poet, b. of Quaker parentage, passed nearly all his life at Woodbridge, for the most part as a clerk in a bank.  He became the friend of Southey, Lamb, and other men of letters.  His chief works are The Convict’s Appeal (1818), a protest against the severity of the criminal code of the time, and Household Verses (1845), which came under the notice of Sir R. Peel, through whom he obtained a pension of L100.  With the exception of some hymns his works are now nearly forgotten, but he was a most amiable and estimable man—­simple and sympathetic.  His dau. Lucy, who married Edward Fitzgerald, the translator of Omar Khayyam, pub. a selection of his poems and letters, to which her husband prefixed a biographical introduction.

BAYNES, THOMAS SPENCER (1823-1887).—­Philosopher, s. of a Baptist minister, b. at Wellington, Somerset, intended to study for Baptist ministry, and was at a theological seminary at Bath with that view, but being strongly attracted to philosophical studies, left it and went to Edin., when he became the favourite pupil of Sir W. Hamilton (q.v.), of whose philosophical system he continued an adherent.  After working as ed. of a newspaper in Edinburgh, and after an interval of rest rendered necessary by