MAURICE, FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872).—­Divine, s. of a Unitarian minister, was b. at Normanston, near Lowestoft, and studied at Camb., but being then a Dissenter, could not graduate.  He went to London, and engaged in literary work, writing for the Westminster Review and other periodicals, and for a short time ed. the Athenaeum.  His theological views having changed, he joined the Church of England, went to Oxf., graduated, and was ordained 1834.  He became Chaplain to Guy’s Hospital, and held other clerical positions in London.  In 1840 he was appointed Prof. of English Literature and History at King’s Coll., and subsequently Prof. of Theology.  He became a leader among the Christian socialists, and for a short time ed. their paper.  On the publication of his Theological Essays in 1853 he was asked to resign his professorship at King’s Coll.  In 1854 he was one of the founders of the Working Men’s Coll., of which he became Principal, and in 1866 he was made Prof. of Moral Philosophy at Camb.  Among his writings are The Religions of the World and their Relation to Christianity, Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy, The Prophets and Kings of the Old Testament (1853), The Doctrine of Sacrifice, and Theological Essays.  M.’s style was copious, and was often blamed as obscure; nevertheless, he exercised an extraordinary influence over some of the best minds of his time by the originality of his views, and the purity and elevation of his character.

MAXWELL, WILLIAM HAMILTON (1792-1850).—­Novelist, a Scoto-Irishman, b. at Newry, and ed. at Trinity Coll., Dublin, entered the army, and saw service in the Peninsula, and at Waterloo.  Afterwards he took orders, but was deprived of his living for non-residence.  His novels, O’Hara, and Stories from Waterloo, started the school of rollicking military fiction, which culminated in the novels of Lever.  M. also wrote a Life of the Duke of Wellington, and a History of the Irish Rebellion.

MAX-MUeLLER, FRIEDRICH (1823-1900).—­Philologist, s. of the German poet, Wilhelm M., was b. at Dessau, and ed. at Leipzig, Berlin, and Paris.  In 1846 he was requested by the East India Company to ed. the Rig Veda.  He settled at Oxf. in 1848, and in 1850 was appointed deputy Taylorian Prof. of Modern European languages, becoming Prof. 4 years later, and Curator of the Bodleian Library in 1856.  In 1868 he was elected first Prof. of Comparative Philology.  He ed. Sacred Books of the East, and wrote in English Chips from a German Workshop (1867-75).  He did much to stimulate the study of comparative religion and philology.  He was made a Privy Councillor in 1896.