MANNYNG, ROBERT, or ROBERT DE BRUNNE (fl. 1288-1338).—­Was a Canon of the Gilbertine Order.  His work, Handlynge Sinne (c. 1300), translated with original additions from the Manuel des Peches, a book written in French verse by William of Waddington, is practically a collection of tales and short stories on the Commandments, Seven Deadly Sins, Sacraments, etc., and is of value as giving a contemporary picture of the time.  He also made (c. 1335) a translation in verse of the French Chronicle of Peter Langtoft, the second and more interesting part of which covers the period from the death of Cadwallader to the end of the reign of Edward I.

MANSEL, HENRY LONGUEVILLE (1820-1871).—­Metaphysician, s. of a clergyman, was b. at Cosgrave, Northamptonshire, and ed. at Merchant Taylors’ School and Oxf.  He took orders, was Reader in Theology at Magdalen Coll. 1855, Bampton Lecturer 1858, Prof. of Ecclesiastical History 1867, and Dean of St. Paul’s 1869.  Among his writings are Prolegomena Logica (1851), The Limits of Demonstrative Science (1853), Man’s Conception of Eternity (1854), Limits of Religious Thought (1858), Philosophy of the Conditioned (1866).  He was also joint ed. of Sir.  W. Hamilton’s Lectures.

MAP, or MAPES, WALTER DE (fl. 1200).—­Ecclesiastical statesman and romancist.  Most of the facts about him are gleaned from his De Nugis Curialium (Of the Trifles of the Courtiers), a miscellany of contemporary notes and anecdotes, throwing much light on the manners and opinions of the Court of Henry II.  He was b. probably in Herefordshire, and had Celtic blood in his veins, his f. had rendered service to the King, and he had studied at Paris, and on his return attended the Court, where he found favour, and obtained preferment both in Church and State, and in 1173 was a travelling justice.  Thereafter he attended the King, probably as chaplain, on his foreign wars, represented him at the French Court, and went to Rome to the Lateran Council of 1179.  After the death of Henry II. he seems to have continued in favour under Richard I. and John, and was Archdeacon of Oxf. in 1196.  M. is the reputed author of some at least of the Golias poems, rough satires on the vices of the clergy, but his great work, which has influenced the future of English literature, was his systematising and spiritualising the Arthurian legends with additions of his own, including the legends of Launcelot, of the Quest of the Holy Grail, and of the Morte d’ Arthur.

MARKHAM, GERVASE (1568?-1637).—­Translator and miscellaneous writer, served as a soldier in the Low Countries and Ireland.  Retiring into civil life about 1593 he displayed extraordinary industry as a translator, compiler, and original writer.  Among his original writings are a poem on the Revenge (1595) (Sir R. Grenville’s ship), a continuation of Sidney’s Arcadia, The Discourse of Horsemanshippe (1593), The Young Sportsman’s Instructor, Country Contentments (1611), and various books on agriculture; also plays and poems, some of the latter of which are religious.