MANGAN, JAMES CLARENCE (1803-1849).—­Poet, b. at Dublin, s. of a small grocer, was brought up in poverty, and received most of his education from a priest who instructed him in several modern languages.  He then became a lawyer’s clerk, and was later an assistant in the library of Trinity College, Dublin.  He contributed verses of very various merit to a number of Irish newspapers, and translations from the German to The Dublin University Magazine.  By some critics his poetical powers were considered to be such as to have gained for him the first place among Irish poets; but his irregular and intemperate habits prevented him from attaining any sure excellence.  His best work, generally inspired by the miseries of his country, often rises to a high level of tragic power, and had his strength of character been equal to his poetic gift it is difficult to say to what heights he might have attained.  He d. of cholera.

MANLEY, MRS. MARY DE LA RIVIERE (1663 or 1672-1724).—­Novelist, dramatist, and political writer, dau. of Sir Roger Manley, was decoyed into a bigamous connection with her cousin, John M. Her subsequent career was one of highly dubious morality, but considerable literary success.  Her principal works are The New Atalantis (sic) (1709), a satire in which great liberties were taken with Whig notabilities, Memoirs of Europe (1710), and Court Intrigues (1711).  She also wrote three plays, The Royal Mischief, The Lost Lover, and Lucius, and conducted the Examiner.  In her writings she makes great havoc with classical names and even with spelling.  She was a vivacious and effective political writer.

MANNING, ANNE (1807-1879).—­Miscellaneous writer.  Her best known works are Mistress Mary Powell, which first appeared in Sharpe’s Magazine in 1849, and The Household of Sir Thomas More, a delightful picture of More’s home life told in the form of a diary written by his daughter Margaret.  Her writings have much literary charm, and show a delicate historical imagination.

MANNING, HENRY EDWARD (1808-1892).—­Cardinal and theologian. B. at Totteridge, Herts, and ed. at Harrow and Oxf., where he became notable as an eloquent preacher, and as one of the ablest of the Tractarian party.  He was rector of Woollavington-cum-Graffham 1833, and Archdeacon of Chichester 1840.  In 1851 he entered the Church of Rome, in which he attached himself to the Ultramontane party.  More even than Newman he was the leading spirit of the Roman Church in England.  His writings consist of sermons, of which he pub. several vols. before his secession from the Church of England, and controversial works, including Petri Privilegium (1871), The Vatican Decrees (1875), in answer to Gladstone’s Vaticanism, and The Eternal Priesthood (1883).  He became Roman Catholic Archbishop of Westminster 1865, and Cardinal 1875.