LITHGOW, WILLIAM (1582-1645).—­Traveller, b. at Lanark, claimed at the end of his various peregrinations to have tramped 36,000 miles on foot.  Previous to 1610 he had visited Shetland, Switzerland, and Bohemia.  In that year he set out for Palestine and Egypt.  His next journey, 1614-16, was in Tunis and Fez; but his last, 1619-21, to Spain, ended unfortunately in his apprehension at Malaga and torture as a spy.  He gave an account of his travels in Rare Adventures and Paineful Peregrinations, and wrote The Siege of Breda, The Siege of Newcastle, and Poems.

LIVINGSTONE, DAVID (1813-1873).—­Missionary explorer, b. at Blantyre, Lanarkshire, spent the years between 10 and 24 as an operative in a cotton mill there.  Becoming interested in foreign missions he qualified himself, and entering the service of the London Missionary Society, set out in 1846 to South Africa.  He subsequently made journeys into the interior, which ultimately developed into his great pioneering and exploration expeditions, in which he discovered Lake Ngami 1849, and the river Zambesi 1851.  In 1856 he visited England, pub. his Missionary Travels (1857), and retired from the service of the London Missionary Society.  He was Consul at Quilimane 1858-64, and in 1858 commanded an expedition for exploring Eastern and Central Africa, in the course of which he discovered Lakes Shirwa and Nyassa 1859.  Again visiting England he pub. his second book, The Zambesi and its Tributaries (1865).  Returning to Africa he organised an expedition to the Nile basin, discovered Lake Bangweolo, explored the cannibal country, enduring terrible sufferings and dangers, from which he was rescued just in time by H.M.  Stanley.  His last journey was to discover the sources of the Nile, but it proved fatal, as he d. at a village in Ilala.  His remains were brought home and buried in Westminster Abbey.  L. was a man of indomitable courage, and of a simple nobility of character.  His writings are plain, unadorned statements of his work and experiences.  He ranks among the greatest explorers and philanthropists.  The diary which he kept was pub. as Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa (1874).  His view of his duty in the circumstances in which he found himself was to be a pioneer opening up new ground, and leaving native agents to work it up.

LLOYD, ROBERT (1733-1764).—­Poet, ed. at Westminster and Camb., pub. The Actor (1760), a poem which had considerable popularity, some miscellaneous verses, and a comic opera, The Conscious Lovers (1764).  He was a friend of Churchill, who showed him much kindness in his frequent misfortunes; and on hearing of C.’s death he took to bed, and soon d., apparently of a broken heart.

LOCKE, DAVID Ross (PETROLEUM V. NASBY) (1833-1888).—­Humorist, b. in New York State.  His political satires really influenced opinion during the war.  He was a printer and then a journalist, and his writings include Swingin’ round the Cirkle, Struggles of P.V.  Nasby, Nasby in Exile, and two novels, A Paper City and The Demagogue.