ARNOLD, SIR EDWIN (1832-1904).—­Poet, s. of a Sussex magistrate, was b. at Gravesend, and ed. at King’s School, Rochester, London, and Oxford.  Thereafter he was an assistant master at King Edward’s School, Birmingham, and was in 1856 appointed Principal of the Government Deccan College, Poona.  Here he received the bias towards, and gathered material for, his future works.  In 1861 he returned to England and became connected with The Daily Telegraph, of which he was ultimately editor.  The literary task which he set before him was the interpretation in English verse of the life and philosophy of the East.  His chief work with this object is The Light of Asia (1879), a poem on the life and teaching of Buddha, which had great popularity, but whose permanent place in literature must remain very uncertain.  In The Light of the World (1891), he attempted, less successfully, a similar treatment of the life and teaching of Jesus.  Other works are The Song of Songs of India (1875), With Saadi in the Garden, and The Tenth Muse.  He travelled widely in the East, and wrote books on his travels.  He was made K.C.I.E. in 1888.

ARNOLD, MATTHEW (1822-1888).—­Poet and critic, s. of Dr. A., of Rugby (q.v.), was b. at Laleham and ed. at Rugby, Winchester, and Balliol Coll., Oxford, becoming a Fellow of Oriel in 1845.  Thereafter he was private secretary to Lord Lansdowne, Lord President of the Council, through whose influence he was in 1851 appointed an inspector of schools.  Two years before this he had pub. his first book of poetry, The Strayed Reveller, which he soon withdrew:  some of the poems, however, including “Mycerinus” and “The Forsaken Merman,” were afterwards republished, and the same applies to his next book, Empedocles on Etna (1852), with “Tristram and Iseult.”  In 1857 he was appointed to the Professorship of Poetry at Oxford, which he held for ten years.  After this he produced little poetry and devoted himself to criticism and theology.  His principal writings are, in poetry, Poems (1853), containing “Sohrab and Rustum,” and “The Scholar Gipsy;” Poems, 2nd Series (1855), containing “Balder Dead;” Merope (1858); New Poems (1867), containing “Thyrsis,” an elegy on A.H.  Clough (q.v.), “A Southern Night,” “Rugby Chapel,” and “The Weary Titan”; in prose he wrote On Translating Homer (1861 and 1862), On the Study of Celtic Literature (1867), Essays in Celtic Literature (1868), 2nd Series (1888), Culture and Anarchy (1869), St. Paul and Protestantism (1870), Friendship’s Garland (1871), Literature and Dogma (1873), God and the Bible (1875), Last Essays on Church and Religion (1877), Mixed Essays (1879), Irish Essays (1882), and Discourses in America (1885).  He also wrote some works on the state of education on the Continent.  In