At the Restoration he wrote some loyal odes, but was disappointed by being refused the Mastership of the Savoy, and retired to the country.  He received a lease of Crown lands, but his life in the country did not yield him the happiness he expected.  He is said by Pope to have d. of a fever brought on by lying in the fields after a drinking-bout.  The drinking-bout, however, is perhaps an ill-natured addition.  C.’s fame among his contemporaries was much greater than that which posterity has accorded to him.  His poems are marred by conceits and a forced and artificial brilliancy.  In some of them, however, he sings pleasantly of gardens and country scenes.  They comprise Miscellanies, The Mistress, or Love Poems (1647), Pindaric Odes, and The Davideis, an epic on David (unfinished).  He is at his best in such imitations of Anacreon as The Grasshopper.  His prose, especially in his Essays, though now almost unread, is better than his verse; simple and manly, it sometimes rises to eloquence.  C. is buried in Westminster Abbey near Spenser.

Ed., Grosart (1881), Waller (1903).

COWPER, WILLIAM (1731-1800).—­Poet, was the s. of the Rev. John C., Rector of Great Berkhampstead, Herts, and Chaplain to George II.  His grandfather was a judge, and he was the grand-nephew of the 1st Earl C., the eminent Lord Chancellor.  A shy and timid child, the death of his mother when he was 6 years old, and the sufferings inflicted upon him by a bullying schoolfellow at his first school, wounded his tender and shrinking spirit irrecoverably.  He was sent to Westminster School, where he had for schoolfellows Churchill, the poet (q.v.), and Warren Hastings.  The powerful legal influence of his family naturally suggested his being destined for the law, and at 18 he entered the chambers of a solicitor, where he had for a companion Thurlow, the future Chancellor, a truly incongruous conjunction; the pair, however, seem to have got on well together, and employed their time chiefly in “giggling and making giggle.”  He then entered the Middle Temple, and in 1754 was called to the Bar.  This was perhaps the happiest period of his life, being enlivened by the society of two cousins, Theodora and Harriet C. With the former he fell in love; but his proposal of marriage was opposed by her f., who had observed symptoms of morbidity in him, and he never met her again.  The latter, as Lady Hesketh, was in later days one of his most intimate friends.  In 1759 he received a small sinecure appointment as Commissioner of Bankrupts, which he held for 5 years, and in 1763, through the influence of a relative, he received the offer of the desirable office of Clerk of the Journals to the House of Lords.  He accepted the appointment, but the dread of having to make a formal appearance before the House so preyed upon his mind as to induce a temporary loss of reason, and he was sent to an asylum at St. Albans, where he remained