STORIES OF CALIFORNIA

CALIFORNIA’S NAME AND EARLY HISTORY

A Spanish story written four hundred years ago speaks of California as an island rich in pearls and gold.  Only black women lived there, the story says, and they had golden spears, and collars and harness of gold for the wild beasts which they had tamed to ride upon.  This island was said to be at a ten days’ journey from Mexico, and was supposed to lie near Asia and the East Indies.

Among those who believed such fairy tales about this wonderful island of California was Cortes, a Spanish soldier and traveller.  He had conquered Mexico in 1521 and had made Montezuma, the Mexican emperor, give him a fortune in gold and precious stones.  Then Cortes wished to find another rich country to capture, and California, he thought, would be the very place.  He wrote home to Spain promising to bring back gold from the island, and also silks, spices, and diamonds from Asia.  For he was sure that the two countries were near together, and that both might be found in the Pacific Ocean, or South Sea, as he called it, by sailing northwest.

So for years Cortes built ships in New Spain (or Mexico), and sent out men to hunt for this golden island.  They found the Gulf of California, and at last Cortes himself sailed up and down its waters.  He explored the land on both sides, and saw only poor, naked Indians who had a few pearls but no gold.  Cortes never found the golden island.  We should remember, however, that his ships first sailed on the North Pacific and explored Lower California, and that he first used the name California for the peninsula.

It was left for a Portuguese ship-captain called Cabrillo to find the port of San Diego in 1542.  He was the first white man to land upon the shores of California, as we know it.  Afterwards he sailed north to Monterey.  Many Indians living along the coast came out to his ship in canoes with fish and game for the white men.  Then Cabrillo sailed north past Monterey Bay, and almost in sight of the Golden Gate.  But the weather was rough and stormy, and without knowing of the fine harbor so near him, he turned his ship round and sailed south again.  He reached the Santa Barbara Islands, intending to spend the winter there, but he died soon after his arrival.  The people of San Diego now honor Cabrillo with a festival every year.  He was the sea-king who found their bay and first set foot on California ground.

About this time Magellan had discovered the Philippine Islands, and Spain began to send ships from Mexico to those islands to buy silks, spices, and other rich treasures.  The Spanish galleons, or vessels, loaded with their costly freight, used to come home by crossing the Pacific to Cape Mendocino, and then sailing down the coast of California to Mexico.  Before long the English, who hated Spain and were at war with her, sent out brave sea-captains to capture