is between rocks, and within it is so much encumbered with shoals and rocks that it is a small and sorry harbour; but round the point forming the north side of this harbour, there is a good haven and road-stead against the wind at N.W. the land round it being barren sand.  To the N.W. of this there are three sharp mountains of rock, as if to indicate the situation of the harbour.  One hour before sunset we fastened ourselves to a shoal a league beyond Tuna.  This coast, from a league beyond Gualibo, to another point a league and a half beyond this shoal, trends N.N.W. and S.S.E distance four leagues.

The 14th April we rowed along shore, the sea running very high so as to distress the rowers; but beating up against wind and sea till past noon, we came into a fine bay, in the bottom of which we came to anchor in an excellent haven.  This day and night we went about 5 leagues, and were now about 129 leagues beyond Swakem.  For these five leagues the coast extends N.W. and S.E. the land within the coast being in some places low and plain, while it is mountainous in others.  By day-light on the 15th we were a league short of Al Kossir, which we reached an hour and half after sunrise, and cast anchor in the harbour.  During the past night and the short part of this day we had advanced about seven leagues, the coast extending N.N.W. and S.S.E.  According to Pliny, in the sixth book of his Natural History, and Ptolomy in his third book of Africa, this place of Al Kossir was anciently named Phioteras[307].  All the land from hence to Arsinoe, at the northern extremity of the Red Sea, was anciently called Enco.  This place is about 15 or 16 days journey from the nearest part of the Nile, directly west.  This is the only port on all this coast to which provisions are brought from the land of Egypt, now called Riffa; and from this port of Kossir all the towns on the coast of the Red Sea are provided.  In old times, the town of Kossir was built two leagues farther up the coast; but being found incommodious, especially as the harbour at that place was too small, it was removed to this place.  To this day the ruins of old Kossir are still visible, and there I believe was Philoteras.  New Kossir by observations twice verified is in lat. 26 deg.15’ N. being 136 leagues beyond Swakem.  The port is a large bay quite open to the eastern winds, which on this coast blow with great force.  Right over against the town there are some small shoals on which the sea breaks, between which and the shore is the anchorage for frigates and ships coming here for a loading.  The town is very small and perhaps in the most miserable and barren spot in the world.  The houses are more like hovels for cattle, some built of stone and clay, and others of sod, having no roofs except a few matts which defend the inhabitants from the sun, and from rain if any happen now and then to fall as it were by chance, as in this place it