The Moi was still called kapu and aliinui.  To tread on his shadow was a crime punished with death:  He make ke ee malu.  The chief next the throne took the title of Wohi.  He who ranked next, that of Mahana.  These titles could belong at the same time to several chiefs of the blood-royal, who were called Alii kapu, Alii wohi.  The ordinary nobility furnished the king’s aids-de-camp, called Hulumanu (plumed officers).

By the side of the nobility were the Kahu alii, literally guardians of the chiefs, of noble origin by the younger branch, but who dared not claim the title of chief in the presence of their elders.  The Kahu alii of the male sex might be considered born chamberlains; of the female, ladies of the bed-chamber.

There were five kinds of Kahu alii, which are:  Iwikuamoo, Ipukuha, Paakahili, Kiaipoo, Aipuupuu.

These titles constituted as many hereditary charges reserved for the lesser nobility.  The functions of the Iwikuamoo (backbone of the chief) were to rub his lord on the back, when stretched on his mat.  The Ipukuha had charge of the royal spittoons.  The Paakahili carried a very long plume (kahili), which he waved, around the royal person to drive away the flies and gnats.  The duties of this officer were continual and most fatiguing, for he must constantly remain near the person of his master, armed with his kahili, whether the king was seated or reclining, eating or sleeping.  The Kiaipoo’s special charge was to watch at the side of his august chief during sleep.  The Aipuupuu was the chief cook, and, besides, performed functions similar to those of steward or purveyor.

There were, besides, other inferior chiefs, as the Puuku, attendants of the house or palace; Malama ukana, charged with the care of provisions in traveling; Aialo, who had the privilege of eating in the presence of the chief; and, at the present day, the Muki baka, who had the honor of lighting the king’s pipe and carrying his tobacco-pouch.

Although the people considered these last four orders as belonging to the nobility, it seems that they were of lower rank than the citizens favored by the chiefs.

Finally, the king had always in his service the Hula, who, like the buffoon or jester of the French kings, must amuse his majesty by mimicry or dancing.  The Kahu alii, or Kaukaualii, as they are now styled, are attendants or followers of the high chiefs by right of birth.  They accompany their masters everywhere, almost in the same manner that a governess follows her pupil.[4] From the throne down nobility was hereditary.  The right of primogeniture was recognized as natural law.  Nobility transmitted through the mother was considered far superior to that on the father’s side only, even if he were the highest of chiefs.  This usage was founded on the following proverb:  Maopopo ka makuahine,