Tabular and schematic presentments, however, such as those to which we are proceeding, are apt to be less simple and satisfactory to reader than to writer; and this even when in oral exposition the very same diagram has been not only welcomed as clear, but seen and felt to be convincing.  The reason of this difficulty is that with the spoken exposition the audience sees the diagram grow upon the blackboard; whereas to produce anything of the same effect upon the page, it must be printed at several successive stages of development.  Thus our initial formula,

PLACE ...  WORK ...  FOLK

readily develops into

FOLK

PLACE-WORK                WORK               FOLK-WORK
(Natural advantages)                            (Occupation)

PLACE

This again naturally develops into a regular table, of which the [Page:  72] filling up of some of the squares has been already suggested above, and that of the remaining ones will be intelligible on inspection:—­

PLACE FOLK           WORK-FOLK             FOLK
("Natives”)         ("Producers”)

   PLACE-WORK WORK FOLK-WORK

     PLACE WORK-PLACE FOLK-PLACE

So complex is the idea of even the simplest Town—­even in such a rustic germ as the “farm-town” of modern Scottish parlance, the ton of place-names without number.

The varying development of the Folk into social classes or castes night next be traced, and the influence and interaction of all the various factors of Place, Work, and Family tabulated.  Suffice it here, however, for the present to note that such differentiation does take place, without entering into the classification and comparison of the protean types of patrician and plebeian throughout geography and history.

G—­ANALYSIS CONTINUED.—­(2) THE SCHOOL

Once and again we have noted how from the everyday life of action—­the Town proper of our terminology—­there arises the corresponding subjective world—­the Schools of thought, which may express itself sooner or later in schools of education.  The types of people, their kinds and styles of work, their whole environment, all become represented in the mind of the community, and these react upon the individuals, their activities, their place itself.  Thus (the more plainly the more the community is a simple and an isolated one, but in appreciable measure everywhere and continually) there have obviously arisen local turns of thought and modes of speech, ranging from shades of accept and idiom to distinctive dialect or language.  Similarly, there is a characteristic variety of occupational activity, a style of workmanship, a way of doing business.  There are distinctive [Page:  73] manners and customs—­there is, in short, a certain recognisable likeness, it may be an indefinably subtle or an unmistakably broad and general one, which may be traced in faces and costumes, in tongue and literature, in courtesy and in conflict, in business and in policy, in street and in house, from hovel to palace, from prison to cathedral.  Thus it is that every folk comes to have its own ways, and every town its own school.