Riverside orange groves are there was nothing but dry washes and sage-brush desert.  It cost big money to send freight.  All that was shipped out of the country in a season wouldn’t make up one shipment these days.  I suppose to folks back East this country looked about as far off as Africa.  Even to folks living in California the country as far back as these mountains looked like going to China.  They got all their lumber from the Coast ranges and the lower hills.  This back here was just wilderness, so far off that nobody rightly thought of it as United States at all.

“Of course, by and by the country settled up a little more but even then nobody ever thought of timber.  You see, there was no market to amount to anything out here; and a few little jerk-water mills could supply the whole layout easy.  East, the lumber in Michigan and Wisconsin and Minnesota never was going to give out.  In those days you could hardly give away land up in this country.  The fellow that went in for timber was looked on as a lunatic.  It took a big man with lots of sand to see it at all.”

Bob nodded, his eye kindling with the beginnings of understanding.

“There was a few of them.  They saw far enough ahead, and they come in here and took up some timber.  Other folks laughed at them; but I guess they’re doing most of the laughing now.  It took nerve, and it took sense, and it took time, and it took patience.”  California John emphasized each point with a pat of his brown, gnarled hand.

“Now those fellows started things for this country.  If they hadn’t had the sheer nerve to take up that timber, nobody would have dared do anything else—­not for years anyhow.  But just the fact that the Wolverine Company bought big, and other big men come in—­why it give confidence to the people.  The country boomed right ahead.  If nobody had seen the future of the country, she’d have been twenty year behind.  Out West that means a hell of a lot of value, let me tell you!”

“The timber would have belonged to the Government,” Bob reminded him.

“I’m a Forest officer,” said California John, “and what’s more, I was a Forest officer for a good many years when there was nothin’ to it but kicks.  There can’t nobody beat me in wishing a lot of good forest land was under the Service instead of being due to be cut up by lumbermen.  But I’ve lived too long not to see the point.  You can’t get benefits without paying for ’em.  The United States of America was big gainers because these old fellows had the nerve just to come in and buy.  It ain’t so much the lumber they saw and put out where it’s needed—­though that’s a good deal; and it ain’t so much the men they bring into the country and give work to—­though that’s a lot, too. It’s the confidence they inspire, it’s the lead they give.  That’s what counts.  All the rest of these little operators, and workmen, and storekeepers, and manufacturers wouldn’t have found their way out here in twenty years if the big fellows hadn’t led the way.  If you should go over and buy ten thousand acres of land by Table Mountain to-morrow, next year there’d be a dozen to follow you in and do whatever you’d be doing.  And while it’s the big fellow that gives the lead, it’s the little fellow that makes the wealth of the country!”