There is an active and a passive ingratitude; applying both to this occasion, we may say, the first is, when a prince or people returns good services with cruelty or ill usage:  the other is, when good services are not at all, or very meanly rewarded.  We have already spoke of the former; let us therefore in the second place, examine how the services of our general have been rewarded; and whether upon that article, either prince or people have been guilty of ingratitude?

Those are the most valuable rewards, which are given to us from the certain knowledge of the donor, that they fit our temper best: I shall therefore say nothing of the title of Duke, or the Garter, which the Queen bestowed [on] the general in the beginning of her reign; but I shall come to more substantial instances, and mention nothing which has not been given in the face of the world.[5] The lands of Woodstock, may, I believe, be reckoned worth 40,000_l_.  On the building of Blenheim Castle 200,000_l_. have been already expended, though it be not yet near finished.  The grant of 5,000_l. per ann._ on the post-office, is richly worth 100,000_l_.  His principality in Germany may be computed at 30,000_l_.  Pictures, jewels, and other gifts from foreign princes, 60,000_l_.  The grant at the Pall-Mall, the rangership, &c. for want of more certain knowledge, may be called 10,000,_l_.  His own, and his duchess’s employments at five years value, reckoning only the known and avowed salaries, are very low rated at 100,000_l_.  Here is a good deal above half a million of money, and I dare say, those who are loudest with the clamour of ingratitude, will readily own, that all this is but a trifle in comparison of what is untold.[6]

The reason of my stating this account is only to convince the world, that we are not quite so ungrateful either as the Greeks or the Romans.  And in order to adjust this matter with all fairness, I shall confine myself to the latter, who were much the more generous of the two.  A victorious general of Rome in the height of that empire, having entirely subdued his enemy, was rewarded with the larger triumph; and perhaps a statue in the Forum, a bull for a sacrifice, an embroidered garment to appear in:  a crown of laurel, a monumental trophy with inscriptions; sometimes five hundred or a thousand copper coins were struck on occasion of the victory, which doing honour to the general, we will place to his account; and lastly, sometimes, though not very frequently, a triumphal arch.  These are all the rewards that I can call to mind, which a victorious general received after his return from the most glorious expedition, conquered some great kingdom, brought the king himself, his family and nobles to adorn the triumph in chains, and made the kingdom either a Roman province, or at best a poor depending state, in humble alliance to that empire.  Now of all these rewards, I find but two which were of real profit to the general; the laurel crown, made