See also, on this matter, “Examiner,” Nos. 34 and 40 post. [T.S.]]

[Footnote 9:  Eumenes of Cardia was secretary to Alexander the Great, and distinguished himself both as a statesman and general.  He was killed B.C. 316. [T.S.]]

[Footnote 10:  The land tax at the time was four shillings in the pound. [T.S.]]

[Footnote 11:  In her speech to Parliament on Nov. 27th, 1710, Anne said:  “The carrying on the war in all its parts, but particularly in Spain, with the utmost vigour, is the likeliest means, with God’s blessing, to procure a safe and honourable peace for us and all our allies, whose support and interest I have truly at heart” ("Journals of House of Lords,” xix, 166).]

[Footnote 12:  This is a dig at the Duke of Marlborough, for what the Tories thought an unnecessarily harsh insistence on the inclusion of a clause in the preliminaries of the Gertruydenberg Treaty, which it was thought he must have known would be rejected by Louis.  They suspected Marlborough did this in order to keep the war going, and so permit himself further opportunities for enriching himself.  The treaty for peace, carried on at Gertruydenberg in 1710, was discussed by Marlborough and Townshend acting for England, the Marquis de Torcy acting for France, and Buys and Vanderdussen for the States.  Several conferences took place, and preliminary articles were even signed, but the Allies demanded a security for the delivering of Spain.  This Louis XIV. refused to do, and the conference broke up in July, 1710.  See Swift’s “Conduct of the Allies” (vol. v., pp. 55-123). [T.S.]]

[Footnote 13:  Horace, “Odes,” I. ii. 23, 24. 
“Our youth will hear, astonished at our crimes,
That Roman armies Romans slew;
Our youth, alas! will then be few.”—­A.  MAYNWARING.
[T.S.]]

NUMB. 15.[1]

FROM THURSDAY NOVEMBER 2, TO THURSDAY NOVEMBER 9, 1710.

E quibis hi vacuas implent sermonibus aures, Hi narrata ferunt alio:  mensuraque ficti Crescit, et auditis aliquid novus adjicit autor, Illic Credulitas, illic temerarius Error, Vanaque Laetitia est, consternatique Timores, Seditioque recens, dubioque autore susurri.[2]

I am prevailed on, through the importunity of friends, to interrupt the scheme I had begun in my last paper, by an Essay upon the Art of Political Lying.  We are told, “the Devil is the father of lies, and was a liar from the beginning”; so that beyond contradiction, the invention is old:  And which is more, his first essay of it was purely political, employed in undermining the authority of his Prince, and seducing a third part of the subjects from their obedience.  For which he was driven down from Heaven, where (as Milton expresseth it) he had been viceroy of a great western province;[3] and forced to exercise his talent in inferior regions among other fallen spirits, or poor deluded men, whom he still daily tempts to his own sin, and will ever do so till he is chained in the bottomless pit.