[Footnote 4:  Brown-Stanton.  May 25, 1889.

Russell-Monnette.  Sept. 20, 1907.

For a more complete record of these expeditions, as well as others who attempted the passage of the canyons below this point, see appendix.]

[Footnote 5:  Left by the Stone expedition.]

[Footnote 6:  While Major Powell was making his second voyage of exploration, another party was toiling up these canyons towing their boats from the precipitous shores.  This party was under the leadership of Lieutenant Wheeler of the U.S.  Army.  The party was large, composed of twenty men, including a number of Mojave Indians, in the river expedition, while others were sent overland with supplies to the mouth of Diamond Creek.  By almost superhuman effort they succeeded in getting their boats up the canyon as far as Diamond Creek.  While there is no doubt that they reached this point, there were times when we could hardly believe it was possible when we saw the walls they would have to climb in this granite gorge.  In some places there seemed to be no place less than five hundred feet above the river where they could secure a foothold.  Their method was to carry a rope over these places, then pull the boats up through the rapids by main force.  It would be just as easy to pull a heavy rowboat up the gorge of Niagara, as through some of these rapids.  Their best plan, by far, would have been to haul their boats in at Diamond Creek and make the descent, as they did after reaching this point.  The only advantage their method gave them was a knowledge of what they would meet with on the downstream run.  Lieutenant Wheeler professed to disbelieve that Major Powell had descended below Diamond Creek, and called his voyage the completion of the exploration of the Colorado River.  In a four days’ run they succeeded in covering the same distance that had taken four weeks of endless toil, to bring their boats up to this point.]

[Footnote 7:  See appendix, History of Cataract Canyon.]