[9] Apparently referring to the practice of sodomy; cf. a similar statement in Vol.  IV, p. 51.

[10] The archbishop of Mexico at this time was Pedro de Moya y Contreras, who had come to Mexico in 1571 as chief inquisitor of the Holy Office.  On October 20, 1573, he assumed the duties of archbishop; and in 1583 was appointed visitador (i.e., inspector) of the courts, in which office he was engaged during three years.  In 1584 he was appointed viceroy of Nueva Espana, surrendering this post, a year later, to Villamanrique.  All these offices were held by him at one time.  In June, 1586, he returned to Spain, where he died at the close of the year 1591.  In January of that year he had been appointed president of the Council of the Indias.

[11] “The rumors of the occurrence of this metal in Panay and Leyte have failed of verification.  Accidental losses of the metal by prospectors or surveyors sometimes lead to reports of the discovery of deposits.” (U.S.  Philippine Gazetteer, p. 84.)

[12] The reference in the text is obscure as to the location of this fort; but Morga says (Sucesos, ch. iii) that Azambuja commanded at Tidore, and requested aid from Penalosa to conquer Ternate.  “This fleet, after reaching Maluco, did not succeed in its object.  From this time forward, succor of men and provisions continued to be sent from the Philippines to the fortress of Tidore.”

[13] Gonzalo Ronquillo de Penalosa, who came to the islands as governor in 1580, died in 1583, before he had completed the third year of his service in that capacity.  During his funeral, which was held at the Augustinian convent in Manila, sparks from a lighted taper accidentally set fire to the building, which quickly spread to others near by; and soon all the public buildings and the greater part of the city were destroyed in the flames.  Before Penalosa’s death, he had appointed his kinsman, Diego Ronquillo, his successor ad interim in the government.  See La Concepcion’s Hist.  Philipinas, ii, pp. 86-89.

[14] Apparently a reference to Fray de Vascones, whose letter to the king follows this.  This friar mentions himself as a “native religious” (indigeno religioso), in which connection may appropriately be cited Crawfurd’s remark (Dict.  Ind.  Islands, p. 96):  “The [Chinese] settlers, whenever it is in their power, form connections with the native women of the country; and hence has arisen a mixed race, numerous in the older settlements, known to the Malays under name of Paranakan China, literally, ‘Chinese of the womb,’ that is, Chinese of native mothers; and called in the Philippines, Sangley, a word of which the origin is unknown.”

[15] Santiago de Vera had served in the audiencias of Espanola (Hayti) and Mexico; in May, 1584 he came to the Philippines as president of their Audiencia and governor of the islands.  In that post he remained six years, until he was replaced (May, 1590) by Gomez Perez Dasmarinas, the Audiencia being then suppressed.  All its members except Pedro de Rojas at once returned to Mexico.