Twelfth:  All this has arisen from two sources.  The first is, as has been already said, that the people are so low, barbarous, poor, ill-favored, rude, ignorant, and unworthy of being mingled with Spanish nobility and valor.  The second is, that the country is so poor, and what wealth it has is so unsubstantial; it has no roots, or anything in which it could take root and become established.  For almost the only wealth of these people has been in the mines and metals, and in their personal belongings, which are not permanent or fixed.  There are no hereditaments or cultivated farms, or crops, or regular supplies; no products of the industry of workmen, and no machinery; no general provision for ordinary use.  But all is a desert, and destitute, and at a standstill, and unsettled—­as they say, belonging to the east wind.  And therefore the Spaniards also have been and are as unsettled as if they were stopping at an inn.  Such are the lands that they have won.

Thirteenth:  In China, conditions are altogether different, since its people are, as has been said, qualified for marriage, friendship, and union and equality; and they are fitted for offices and dignities and authority, both spiritual and temporal.  And, further, the richness of the country is so great and of such sort—­being realty, crops, and necessaries of life; provisions of rice, wheat, and barley; all manner of fruits, and many varieties of wine; domestic fowl, ducks, and many other kinds of poultry; many cattle, horses, cows, goats, sheep, and buffaloes; abundant hides, endless store of silk, and considerable cotton; musk, honey and wax; numerous varieties of valuable woods, many kinds of perfume, and other things produced by the soil; besides an abundance of mines and metals, as has already been stated.  To all this is added the results of the industry of so many people, so apt, thrifty, industrious, and well governed.  It is incredible how great is the number and abundance of the crafts, arts, inventions, industries, and manufactures of everything that could be asked for human use—­of necessaries, ornaments, dainties, jewels—­and all the shops and articles of merchandise, both for the use of the country and for the trade with foreigners.  All this, together with what has already been said of the people, should, God willing, be cause enough to give us an entry into those realms, so that, in short, they may become pacified, intermixed and united, hispanized and christianized.  So that one cannot mention all the great benefits arising from this, both spiritual and temporal—­a new light of the faith, good modes of life, salvation for the Chinese and many souls, and glory to God; wealth, honor, and eternal fame for our king; great renown, prosperity, and multiplication for the Spanish nation, and through it, for all Christianity.  Besides, there will be all these that follow.

Other benefits besides those already mentioned