On the 12th of December, the Anniversary of the Apparition is kept, and an amazing concourse of the faithful repair to the sanctuary.  Heller, a German traveller who was in Mexico in 1846, saw an Indian taken to the church; he had broken his leg, which had not even been set, and he simply expected Our Lady to cure him without any human intervention at all.  Unluckily, the author had no opportunity of seeing what became of him.  The great miracle of all was the deliverance of Mexico from the great inundation of 1626, and the fact is established thus.  The city was under water, the inhabitants in despair.  The picture was brought to the Cathedral in a canoe, through the streets of Mexico; and between one and two years afterwards the inundation subsided. Ergo, it was the picture that saved the city!

For centuries a fierce rivalry existed between the Spanish Virgin, called “de Remedios,” and Our Lady of Guadalupe; the Spaniards supporting the first, and the native Mexicans the second.  A note of Humboldt’s illustrates this feeling perfectly.  He relates that whenever the country was suffering from drought, the Virjen do Remedios was carried into Mexico in procession, to bring rain, till it came to be said, quite as a proverb, Hasta el agua nos debe venir de la Gachupina—­“We must get even our water from that Spanish creature.”  If it happened that the Spanish Madonna produced no effect after a long trial, the native Madonna was allowed to be brought solemnly in by the Indians, and never failed in bringing the wished-for rain, which always came sooner or later.  It is remarkable that the Spanish party, who were then all-powerful, should have allowed their own Madonna to be placed at such a disadvantage, in not having the last innings.  I need hardly say that the shrine of Guadalupe is monstrously rich.  The Chapter has been known to lend such a thing as a million or two of dollars at a time, though most of their property is invested on landed security.  They are allowed to have lotteries, and make something handsome out of them; and they even sell medals and prints of their patroness, which have great powers.  You may have plenary indulgence in the hour of death for sixpence or less.  We drank of the water of the chalybeate spring, bought sacred lottery-tickets, which turned out blanks, and tickets for indulgences, which, I greatly fear, will not prove more valuable; and so rode home along the dusty causeway to breakfast.

As means of learning what sort of books the poorer classes in Mexico preferred, we overhauled with great diligence the book-stalls, of which there are a few, especially under the arcades (Portales) near the great square.  The Mexican public have not much cheap literature to read; and the scanty list of such popular works is half filled with Our Lady of Guadalupe, and other miracle-books of the same kind.  Father Ripalda’s Catechism has a large circulation, and is apparently the one in general use in the country.  Zavala