Sunday morning.—­Found we had lain-to since one o’clock on account of the fog.  Had a most refreshing sleep, and rose at seven to breakfast.  I could not but admire the St. Lawrence River—­the beauty of this noble stream at all points is enchanting.  We passed Richelieu, where the corn is grown, in part, that is sent into England.  We passed the lovely island of St. Helen’s, and over the rapids of St. Mavey, Richelieu, 45 miles from Montreal.  Thence Lake St. Peter, nine miles wide.  The St. Lawrence does not average more than one mile.  We then approach the Richelieu Rapids.  The river again becomes interesting.  The churches appear with their tin domes and spires.  The rafts, with houses built upon them, are floating down the river like some moving world.  We left the eastern townships on the right, south of the St. Lawrence, which join the State of Maine and Vermont on the left, or north.  We pass Cape Health River, thirty miles behind which is Jackcartier, a settlement for the Irish.  At Chasidiere, six miles from Quebec, we pass some great lumber or wood establishments, where ships load for England.  We pass Daleam’s Island and Point Levi, and approach the harbour, where forests of British shipmasts are seen along the shore, with Orleans Island a-head.  Lumber coves abound here.  The grim and powerful batteries, where all the ingenuity of military skill has been exhausted to produce another Gibraltar, are seen on the left.

Two o’clock, P.M.—­We sojourned at Payne’s Hotel.  He is an Uxbridge man, and most attentive.  We took a carriage to Montmorence Falls, and were much pleased.  Straggling, snow-white cottages abound here for miles.  Quebec, lat. 46 deg. 59’ 15”; long. 71 deg. 13’.

I may here observe, that Lower Canada, embracing and including Montreal to the Gulf, about 400 miles down, has a population of from 600,000 to 700,000:  Quebec and its suburbs has about 30,000.  The vessels resorting to this port are about 1000 during the short season of five months.  Quebec is situated on the north-west side of the St. Lawrence, with the River St. Charles on the north.  The volume and depth of the St. Lawrence is unequalled:  it moves with a speed of three or four miles an hour.  The oceanic influence is great.  To-day it is 30 deg. below zero, and in the summer it is sometimes 100 deg. above (Fahrenheit’s scale).

We returned to the Plains of Abraham, where Wolfe fell, and a paltry monument is erected.  This is a fine view.  Near this is the cove where General Wolfe and the British troops crept and scrambled up to the summit of the heights, which resulted in the defeat of Montcalm in 1759, and the prostration of French power in Canada.