Thursday morning.—­Called upon Prime, Ward, and King, for letters of introduction for my future route.  Read P. and S.’s articles of partnership.  Wrote another long letter to my wife.  Put Mr. Dowden’s commission into Mr. Pearce’s hands, and Mr. Carrick’s into Mr. Brough’s, who has friends at Vicksburgh.  Bought my wife a handsome rocking-chair.  Then walked down to see the Queen of the West, the finest packet-ship I ever saw.  Visited the different markets:  saw lots of fruit, but do not think they touch us in anything but apples; tasted a large pumpkin, but did not like it.  Dined at the Astor; paid my bill, and packed up.  To bed at ten.

MY JOURNEY SOUTH.

Friday morning, the 13th October.—­I left New York at nine A.M., and crossed the North River per steam-boat to New Jerseytown, to the Philadelphian railway.  Each carriage held about eighty; still they were comfortable with the windows up; and cheap—­four dollars for 100 miles.  No second or third class.  Six carriages, all crammed.  The first station we stopped at was Rohaio; thence to Elizabethtown; thence to New Brunswick; then crossed the Delaware to Trenton, Pennsylvania state, and to Bristol ferry, to the new Philadelphia steam-boat, waiting to take us down the Delaware to Philadelphia.  The country is fertile, capable, with good farming, of producing good crops, which it has, of buckwheat, Indian corn, and peaches—­any quantity.  We passed the seat of Joseph Bonaparte; and also the notorious Nicholas Biddle’s, who was President of the United States Bank for twenty years, whose stock is now worth L5 that sold once for L140.  I was much interested on my journey with a gentleman from Heilderberg region, in the Rensselaer country, where the native Indians, as they call themselves, assemble masked; and on one occasion tarred and feathered the sheriff for attempting to enforce the rents of the Van Rensselaer family estates, the deluded beings having persuaded themselves they had as much right to the property as the family that had it confirmed to them by the law of the land.  When will the Locofocos be satisfied?  Nearly opposite Philadelphia is a smart town called Camden, where the wealthy merchants reside.  We saw lots of people shooting reed-birds on the banks of the Delaware.  This is about ninety miles from Cape Mare:  then it is open sea to England.  I was struck with the town of Philadelphia.  The streets all run in triangular directions, and, as in New York, are called First, Second, and so on; and many by such names as Cedar, Pine, Walnut, Chestnut, Mulberry, &c.  The ruined United States Bank is really a fine building of marble, uninhabited.  The Exchange is worthy of remark.  The receiving-room, where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, is magnificent.  It has a statue of Washington, and a portrait of William Penn, the first white man as a settler in 1661.  This building was erected in 1733.  The Pennsylvanian Bank is a fine building.  The Post-office small and inconvenient.  I then visited the Sessions-house, and heard them trying the rioters.  Home to bed at eight, tired out.