d.  IV.  A. The city is able to double the appropriation; for
1.  It has spent largely for parks,
a.  Which are also for the pleasure and improvement
of the citizens;
b.  Hence it can pay for additions to the library.
e.  VI.  It is not true
A. That the readers want only recent fiction and that they
should buy these books for themselves; for
1.  They mostly are not able to buy books; hence
2.  They should be encouraged to read other books.
3.  Give an example of an argument and an audience where it
would be necessary to put the refutation first; of one
in which it would be necessary to stir up the interest
of readers at the start.
4.  Suggest methods for gaining the interest of the readers
in the last case.

SPECIMEN BRIEF

Wytown should adopt a commission government like that of Des Moines, Iowa.

General references:  C.R.  Woodruff, City Government by Commission.  New York, 1911; J.J.  Hamilton, The Dethronement of the City Boss, New York, 1910; City newspapers of various dates; draft of proposed charter, published by the Citizens’ Association.

(The successive steps of the introduction will be found on pp. 43, 53, 70, 74-75, 76-77, 79-80.)

I. The admitted inefficiency of the city government at present is due to
the system of government; for
     A. Partisan politics determine nominations to office; since
        1.  The organization of the national parties is permanent, and
           that of any citizens’ movement temporary.
        2.  There has been bargaining between the parties to reward
           political services by city offices.  Daily papers, March 12-20,
           1909; March 3-15, 1910. 
     B. Advantageous contracts cannot be made; for
        1.  Contracts must be passed on separately by aldermen, common
           councilmen, and the mayor.  Present city charter, sections 19-21.
        2.  Bargains are made between the aldermen representing different
           wards.  Daily papers, October 3, 1908; January 25, 1910. 
     C. The responsibility for expenditures is scattered; for
        1.  Heads of departments are responsible to the two boards and
           not to the mayor.  Present city charter, section 15.
        2.  Accounts are submitted to separate committees of the two
           boards in which no members have special responsibility.  Present
           city charter, sections 22-23.

II.  The adoption of the plan will result in important economies; for
    A. The administration of city affairs will be made simpler; since
       1.  The councilmen will both lay out the work and be responsible
          for the execution of it.  Draft or charter, sections 5 and 13.
       2.  Plans for work in all departments will be considered together.
       3.  A small body with full powers can make better bargains