One must use the appeal to moral principles, therefore, soberly and with discretion.  The good sense of readers will rebel if their moral sense is called on unnecessarily; and even when they cannot explain why they believe such an appeal unsound, yet their instincts will tell them that it is so.  The creator whose right hand is always rising to heaven to call God to witness disgusts the right feeling of his audience.  On the other hand, where moral principles are really concerned there should be no compromise.  If in a political campaign the issue is between honesty and graft in the public service, or between an open discussion of all dealings which touch the public good, and private bargaining with party managers, the moral principles cannot be kept hidden.  If a real moral principle is seriously involved in any question, the debate must rise to the level of that principle and let practical considerations go.  And every citizen who has the advantage of having had more education than his fellows is thereby placed under obligation to hold the debate to this higher level.

58.  The Appeal of Style.  Finally, we have to consider the appeal to the emotions, which is the distinguishing essence of eloquence, and the attempts at it.  In part this appeal is through the appeal to principles and associations which are close to the heart of the audience, in part through concrete and figurative language, in part through the indefinable thrill and music of style which lies beyond definition and instruction.

The appeal to venerated principle we have considered already, looked at from the side of morals rather than of emotions.  But morality, so far as it is a coercive force in human conduct, is emotional; our moral standards lie beyond and above reason in that larger part of our nature that knows through feeling and intuition.  All men have certain standards and principles whose names arouse strong and reverent emotions.  Such standards are not all religious or moral in the stricter sense; some of them have their roots in systems of government.  In a case at law, argued purely on a question of law, there does not seem much chance for the appeal to feeling; but Mr. Joseph H. Choate, in his argument on the constitutionality of the Income Tax of 1894, before the Supreme Court of the United States, made the following appeal to the principle of the sanctity of private property, and the words he used could not have failed to stir deep and strong feelings in the court.

No longer ago, if the Court please, than the day of the funeral procession of General Sherman in New York, it was my fortune to spend many hours with one of the ex-Presidents of the United States, who has since followed that great warrior to the bourne to which we were then bearing him.  President Hayes expressed great solicitude as to the future fortunes of this people.  In his retirement he had been watching the tendency of political and social purposes and events.  He had observed how in recent years the