[7:  See “McMullen’s History of Canada,” Vol.  II (2nd Ed.), p. 201.]

[8:  These concluding words of Lord Elgin recall a similar expression of feeling by Sir Etienne Pascal Tache, “That the last gun that would be fired for British supremacy in America would be fired by a French Canadian.”]

[9:  Fifty years after these words were written, debates have taken place in the House of Commons of the Canadian federation in favour of an imperial Zollverein, which would give preferential treatment to Canada’s products in British markets.  The Conservative party, when led by Sir Charles Tupper, emphatically declared that “no measure of preference, which falls short of the complete realization of such a policy, should be considered final or satisfactory.”  England, however, still clings to free trade.]

[10:  The father of the Hon. Edward Blake, the eminent constitutional lawyer, who occupied for many years a notable place in Canadian politics, and is now (1902) a member of the British House of Commons.]

[11:  See her “Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada.”  London, 1838.]

[12:  “I am inclined,” wrote Lord Durham, “to view the insurrectionary movements which did take place as indicative of no deep-rooted disaffection, and to believe that almost the entire body of the reformers of this province sought only by constitutional means to attain those objects for which they had so long peaceably struggled before the unhappy troubles occasioned by the violence of a few unprincipled adventurers and heated enthusiasts.”]

[13:  For a succinct history of this road see “Eighty Years’ Progress or British North America,” Toronto, 1863.]

[14:  “Portraits of British Americans,” Montreal, 1865, vol. 1., pp. 99-100.  See Bourinot’s “Parliamentary Procedure,” p. 573_n_.  The last occasion on which a Canadian speaker exercised this old privilege was in 1869, and then Mr. Cockburn made only a very brief reference to the measures of the session.]

[15:  It was not until 1874 when Mr. Alexander Mackenzie was first minister of a Liberal government that simultaneous polling at a general election was required by law, but it had existed some years previously in Nova Scotia.]

[16:  See “The Last Forty Years, or Canada Since the Union of 1841,” by John Charles Dent, Toronto, 1881, vol.  II., p. 309.  Mr. White became Minister of the Interior in Sir John Macdonald’s government (1885-88) but died suddenly in the midst of a most active and useful administrative career.]

[17:  See remarks of Dr. Kingsford in his “History of Canada” (vol.  VII., pp. 266-273), showing how unjust was the clamour raised by the enemies of the church in New England when a movement was in progress for the establishment of a colonial episcopate simply for purposes of ordination and church government.]

[18:  A clause of the act of 1791 provided that the sovereign might, if he thought fit, annex hereditary titles of honour to the right of being summoned to the legislative council in either province, but no titles were ever conferred under the authority of this imperial statute.]