but, taken in conjunction with the wonderful picture
of the deed itself, the whole exhibits the highest
imaginative excellence, and displays the possession
of an extraordinary dramatic force such as Mr. Webster
rarely exerted. It has the same power of exciting
a kind of horror and of making us shudder with a creeping,
nameless terror as the scene after the murder of Duncan,
when Macbeth rushes out from the chamber of death,
crying, “I have done the deed. Didst thou
not hear a noise?” I have studied this famous
exordium with extreme care, and I have sought diligently
in the works of all the great modern orators, and
of some of the ancient as well, for similar passages
of higher merit. My quest has been in vain.
Mr. Webster’s description of the White murder,
and of the ghastly haunting sense of guilt which pursued
the assassin, has never been surpassed in dramatic
force by any speaker, whether in debate or before
a jury. Perhaps the most celebrated descriptive
passage in the literature of modern eloquence is the
picture drawn by Burke of the descent of Hyder Ali
upon the plains of the Carnatic, but even that certainly
falls short of the opening of Webster’s speech
in simple force as well as in dramatic power.
Burke depicted with all the ardor of his nature and
with a wealth of color a great invasion which swept
thousands to destruction. Webster’s theme
was a cold-blooded murder in a quiet New England town.
Comparison between such topics, when one is so infinitely
larger than the other, seems at first sight almost
impossible. But Mr. Webster also dealt with the
workings of the human heart under the influence of
the most terrible passions, and those have furnished
sufficient material for the genius of Shakespeare.
The test of excellence is in the treatment, and in
this instance Mr. Webster has never been excelled.
The effect of that exordium, delivered as he alone
could have delivered it, must have been appalling.
He was accused of having been brought into the case
to hurry the jury beyond the law and evidence, and
his whole speech was certainly calculated to drive
any body of men, terror-stricken by his eloquence,
wherever he wished them to go. Mr. Webster did
not have that versatility and variety of eloquence
which we associate with the speakers who have produced
the most startling effect upon that complex thing
called a jury. He never showed that rapid alternation
of wit, humor, pathos, invective, sublimity, and ingenuity
which have been characteristic of the greatest advocates.
Before a jury as everywhere else he was direct and
simple. He awed and terrified jurymen; he convinced
their reason; but he commanded rather than persuaded,
and carried them with him by sheer force of eloquence
and argument, and by his overpowering personality.