Judge Smith nor Mr. Webster nor the court nor the
counsel on the other side, attached much importance
to this point. Curiously enough, the theory had
been originated many years before, by Wheelock himself,
at a time when he expected that the minority of the
trustees would invoke the aid of the Legislature against
him, and his idea had been remembered. It was
revived at the time of the newspaper controversy,
and was pressed upon the attention of the trustees
and upon that of their counsel. But the lawyers
attached little weight to the suggestion, although
they introduced it and argued it briefly. Mason,
Smith, and Webster all relied for success on the ground
covered by the first point in Mason’s brief.
This is called by Mr. Shirley the “Parsons view,”
from the fact that it was largely drawn from an argument
made by Chief Justice Parsons in regard to visitatorial
powers at Harvard College. Briefly stated, the
argument was that the college was an institution founded
by private persons for particular uses; that the charter
was given to perpetuate such uses; that misconduct
of the trustees was a question for the courts, and
that the Legislature, by its interference, transcended
its powers. To these general principles, strengthened
by particular clauses in the Constitution of New Hampshire,
the counsel for the college trusted for victory.
The theory of impairing the obligation of contracts
they introduced, but they did not insist on it, or
hope for much from it. On this point, however,
and, of course, on this alone, the case went up to
the Supreme Court. In December, 1817, Mr. Webster
wrote to Mr. Mason, regretting that the case went up
on “one point only.” He occupied
himself at this time in devising cases which should
raise what he considered the really vital points, and
which, coming within the jurisdiction of the United
States, could be taken to the Circuit Court, and thence
to the Supreme Court at Washington. These cases,
in accordance with his suggestion, were begun, but
before they came on in the Circuit Court, Mr. Webster
made his great effort in Washington. Three quarters
of his legal argument were there devoted to the points
in the Circuit Court cases, which were not in any
way before the Supreme Court in the College vs.
Woodward. So little, indeed, did Mr. Webster think
of the great constitutional question which has made
the case famous, that he forced the other points in
where he admitted that they had no proper standing,
and argued them at length. They were touched
upon by Marshall, who, however, decided wholly upon
the constitutional question, and they were all thrown
aside by Judge Washington, who declared them irrelevant,
and rested his decision solely and properly on the
constitutional point. Two months after his Washington
argument, Mr. Webster, still urging forward the Circuit
Court cases, wrote to Mr. Mason that all the questions
must be brought properly before the Supreme Court,
and that, on the “general principle” that