beer or anyone else who wants to buy anything is very
much the same. A bit of metal that is called a
shilling has about the value of a pre-war sixpence
and a bit of paper that is called a Bradbury fetches
half as much as the pound of five years ago.
Compared with what other peoples are suffering from
the same disease arising from the same surfeit of
money in one form or another, this nuisance that we
are enduring is not too terribly severe. It has
entailed great hardship on a class that is small in
number, namely, those who have to live on fixed incomes.
The salary-earner and the rentier have borne the brunt,
while the wage-earner and the profit-maker have been
able to expand their earnings, in paper, at least
to a point at which the depreciation of currency have
left them no worse off. Seeing that the wage-earners
are those who do the dreariest and dirtiest jobs, and
that the profit-makers are those who take the risks
of industry and the enormous responsibility of organising
enterprise, they are the classes whom it is clearly
most desirable to encourage. The rentier in these
days gets less than no sympathy, but we make a great
mistake if we think that we can with impunity crush
him between the upper and nether millstone of fixed
income and rising prices. With his help we have
equipped industry at home and abroad. We can,
if we choose, by depreciating the currency still further,
lessen still more the reward that we pay him for that
benefit. He may kick, but he cannot abolish the
equipment with which he has already provided industry.
But if we make his life too hard he can strike like
the rest of us, and by refusing to provide for any
further expansion in industrial equipment, he can
hold up production until we have devised some new method
of laying up capital. Currency depreciation is
good for the debtor and bad for the creditor; if it
goes too far it kills the creditor and reduces business
to chaos.
We are a very long way from the chaos to which many
of our Continental neighbours have already reduced
their monetary systems; but there is fortunately a
very general feeling that we are a country with a
reputation and a prestige on this point; and the business
world is growing restive concerning the delay on the
part of those responsible in putting an end to a state
of things which may have been justified by the war’s
exigencies (though there is much to be said for the
view that in fact it only added to the war’s
difficulties) but is now clearly as out of date as
the censorship, which, like it, nevertheless, continues
to flourish. This state of things arises from
the arrangement tinder which an unlimited supply of
legal tender currency can be manufactured by the Government,
which encouraged to continue the system by the fact
that each note issued is in effect a loan to itself
without interest. At the meeting of Barclays Bank
on January 27th, Mr. Goodenough demanded that the
issue of currency notes by the Government should be