[2] Elf Laylawa Layla, or, The Book of a Thousand Nights and a Night.  Translated, with Introduction, Notes on the Manners and Customs of Moslem Men, and a Terminal Essay on the History of The Nights, by R.F.  Burton.  Vol. v.

[3] The Khoja, however, was not such a fool as we might conclude from the foregoing examples of his sayings and doings; for, being asked one day what musical instrument he liked best, he answered, “I am very fond of the music of plates and saucepans.”

[4] In China wine is almost invariably taken hot, according to Davis, in his work on the Chinese.

[5] This and the following specimens of Chinese stories of simpletons are from “Contes et Bon Mots extraits d’un livre chinois intitule Siao li Siao, traduit par M. Stanislas Julien,” (Journal Asiatique, tom. iv., 1824).

[6] In another Arabian version, the man desires his wife to moisten some stale bread she has set before him for supper, and she refuses.  After an altercation it is agreed that the one who speaks first shall get up and moisten the bread.  A neighbour comes in, and, to his surprise, finds the couple dumb; he kisses the wife, but the man says nothing; he gives the man a blow, but still he says nothing; he has the man taken before the kazi, but even yet he says nothing; the kazi orders him to be hanged, and he is led off to execution, when the wife rushes up and cries out, “Oh, save my poor husband!” “You wretch,” says the man, “go home and moisten the bread!”

[7] Bang is a preparation of hemp and coarse opium.

[8] From Mr. E.J.W.  Gibb’s translation of the Forty Vazirs (London:  1886).

[9] Knowles’ Dictionary of Kashmiri Proverbs and Sayings, pp. 197-8.  The article bought by the five men is called a hir, which Mr. Knowles says “is the head of any animal used for food,” and a sheep’s head were surely fitting food for such noodles.  Mr. Knowles makes it appear that the whole affair of keeping silence was a mere jest, but we have before seen that it is decidedly meant for a noodle-story.

[10] The Orientalist, 1884, p. 136.

[11] Crane’s Italian Popular Tales, pp. 284-5.

[12] A separate work from the Apologie pour Herodote Such was the exasperation of the French clerics at the bitter truths set forth in it, that the author had to flee the country.  An English translation, entitled “A World of Wonders; or, an introduction to a Treatise tovching the Conformitie of Ancient and Modern Wonders; or, a Preparative Treatise to the ‘Apologie for Herodotus,’” etc., was published at London in 1607, folio, and at Edinburgh 1608, also folio.  The Apologie pour Herodote was printed at the Hague.

CHAPTER V.

THE SILLY SON.

Among the favourite jests of all peoples, from Iceland to Japan, from India to England, are the droll adventures and mishaps of the silly son, who contrives to muddle everything he is set to do.  In vain does his poor mother try to direct him in “the way he should go”:  she gets him a wife, as a last resource; but a fool he is still, and a fool he will always be.  His blunders and disasters are chronicled in penny chap-books and in nursery rhymes, of infinite variety.  Who has not heard how