Hence a contest.  Two antagonistic principles leap forth from the bosom of man, so soon as men come together, seeking severally to establish the law of social relationship.  One of these is predaceous, brutal; the other ideal, humane.  One says, “Might makes Right”; the other, “Might should serve Right.”  One looks upon mankind at large as a harvest to be gathered for the behoof of a few, who are confederate only for that purpose, even as wolves hunt in packs; the other regards humanity as a growth to be fostered for its own sake and worth, and affirms that superiority of strength is given for service, not for spoil.  One makes the ego supreme; the other makes rational right supreme.  One seeks private gratification at any expense to higher values, even as the tiger would, were it possible, draw and drink the blood of the universe as soon as the blood of a cow; the other establishes an ideal estimate of values, and places private gratification low on the scale.  But the deepest difference between them, the root of separation, remains to be stated.  It is the opposite climate they have of man in the pure simplicity of his being.  The predaceous principle says,—­“Man is in and of himself valueless; he attains value only by position, by subduing the will of others to his own; and in subjecting others he destroys nothing of worth, since those who are weak enough to fall are by that very fact proved to be worthless.”  The humane or socializing principle, on the contrary, says,—­“Manhood is value; the essence of all value is found in the individual soul; and therefore the final use of the world, of society, of action, of all that man does and of all that surrounds him, is to develop intelligence, to bring forth the mind and soul into power,—­in fine, to realize in each the spiritual possibilities of man.”

True socialization now exists only as this nobler principle is victorious.  It exists only in proportion as force is lent to ideal relations, relations prescribed by reason, conscience, and reverence for the being of man,—­only in proportion, therefore, as the total force of the state kneels before each individual soul, and, without foolish intermeddlings, or confusions of order, proffers protection, service, succor.  Here is a socialization flowing, self-poised, fertilizing; it is full of gracious invitation to all, yet regulates all; it makes liberty by making law; it produces and distributes privilege.  Here there is not only community, that is, the unity of many in the enjoyment of common privilege, but there is more, there is positive fructification, there is a wide, manifold, infinitely precious evocation of intelligence, of moral power, and of all spiritual worth.

As, on the contrary, the baser principle triumphs, there is no genuine socialization, but only a brute aggregation of subjection beneath and a brute dominance of egotism above.  Society is mocked and travestied, not established, in proportion as force is lent to egotism.  If anywhere the power which we call state set its heel on an innocent soul,—­if anywhere it suppress, instead of uniting intelligence,—­if anywhere it deny, though only to one individual, the privilege of becoming human,—­to such an extent it wars against society and civilization, to such extent sets its face against the divine uses of the world.