And yet a meaning lay in it:  Sansculottism verily was alive, a New-Birth of time; nay it still lives, and is not dead, but changed.  The soul of it still lives; still works far and wide, through one bodily shape into another less amorphous, as is the way of cunning Time with his New-Births:—­till, in some perfected shape, it embrace the whole circuit of the world!  For the wise man may now everywhere discern that he must found on his manhood, not on the garnitures of his manhood.  He who, in these Epochs of our Europe, founds on garnitures, formulas, culottisms of what sort soever, is founding on old cloth and sheep-skin, and cannot endure.  But as for the body of Sansculottism, that is dead and buried,—­and, one hopes, need not reappear, in primary amorphous shape, for another thousand years!

It was the frightfullest thing ever borne of Time?  One of the frightfullest.  This Convention, now grown Anti-Jacobin, did, with an eye to justify and fortify itself, publish Lists of what the Reign of Terror had perpetrated:  Lists of Persons Guillotined.  The Lists, cries splenetic Abbe Montgaillard, were not complete.  They contain the names of, How many persons thinks the reader?—­Two Thousand all but a few.  There were above Four Thousand, cries Montgaillard:  so many were guillotined, fusilladed, noyaded, done to dire death; of whom Nine Hundred were women. (Montgaillard, iv. 241.) It is a horrible sum of human lives, M. l’Abbe:—­some ten times as many shot rightly on a field of battle, and one might have had his Glorious-Victory with Te-Deum.  It is not far from the two-hundredth part of what perished in the entire Seven Years War.  By which Seven Years War, did not the great Fritz wrench Silesia from the great Theresa; and a Pompadour, stung by epigrams, satisfy herself that she could not be an Agnes Sorel?  The head of man is a strange vacant sounding-shell, M. l’Abbe; and studies Cocker to small purpose.

But what if History, somewhere on this Planet, were to hear of a Nation, the third soul of whom had not for thirty weeks each year as many third-rate potatoes as would sustain him? (Report of the Irish Poor-Law Commission, 1836.) History, in that case, feels bound to consider that starvation is starvation; that starvation from age to age presupposes much:  History ventures to assert that the French Sansculotte of Ninety-three, who, roused from long death-sleep, could rush at once to the frontiers, and die fighting for an immortal Hope and Faith of Deliverance for him and his, was but the second-miserablest of men!  The Irish Sans-potato, had he not senses then, nay a soul?  In his frozen darkness, it was bitter for him to die famishing; bitter to see his children famish.  It was bitter for him to be a beggar, a liar and a knave.  Nay, if that dreary Greenland-wind of benighted Want, perennial from sire to son, had frozen him into a kind of torpor and numb callosity, so that he saw not, felt not, was this, for a creature with a soul in it, some assuagement; or the cruellest wretchedness of all?