King Louis has his new Ministry:  mere Popularities; Old-President Pompignan; Necker, coming back in triumph; and other such.  (Montgaillard, ii. 108.) But what will it avail him?  As was said, the sceptre, all but the wooden gilt sceptre, has departed elsewhither.  Volition, determination is not in this man:  only innocence, indolence; dependence on all persons but himself, on all circumstances but the circumstances he were lord of.  So troublous internally is our Versailles and its work.  Beautiful, if seen from afar, resplendent like a Sun; seen near at hand, a mere Sun’s-Atmosphere, hiding darkness, confused ferment of ruin!

But over France, there goes on the indisputablest ’destruction of formulas;’ transaction of realities that follow therefrom.  So many millions of persons, all gyved, and nigh strangled, with formulas; whose Life nevertheless, at least the digestion and hunger of it, was real enough!  Heaven has at length sent an abundant harvest; but what profits it the poor man, when Earth with her formulas interposes?  Industry, in these times of Insurrection, must needs lie dormant; capital, as usual, not circulating, but stagnating timorously in nooks.  The poor man is short of work, is therefore short of money; nay even had he money, bread is not to be bought for it.  Were it plotting of Aristocrats, plotting of d’Orleans; were it Brigands, preternatural terror, and the clang of Phoebus Apollo’s silver bow,—­enough, the markets are scarce of grain, plentiful only in tumult.  Farmers seem lazy to thresh;—­being either ‘bribed;’ or needing no bribe, with prices ever rising, with perhaps rent itself no longer so pressing.  Neither, what is singular, do municipal enactments, ’That along with so many measures of wheat you shall sell so many of rye,’ and other the like, much mend the matter.  Dragoons with drawn swords stand ranked among the corn-sacks, often more dragoons than sacks. (Arthur Young, i. 129, &c.) Meal-mobs abound; growing into mobs of a still darker quality.

Starvation has been known among the French Commonalty before this; known and familiar.  Did we not see them, in the year 1775, presenting, in sallow faces, in wretchedness and raggedness, their Petition of Grievances; and, for answer, getting a brand-new Gallows forty feet high?  Hunger and Darkness, through long years!  For look back on that earlier Paris Riot, when a Great Personage, worn out by debauchery, was believed to be in want of Blood-baths; and Mothers, in worn raiment, yet with living hearts under it, ‘filled the public places’ with their wild Rachel-cries,—­stilled also by the Gallows.  Twenty years ago, the Friend of Men (preaching to the deaf) described the Limousin Peasants as wearing a pain-stricken (souffre-douleur) look, a look past complaint, ’as if the oppression of the great were like the hail and the thunder, a thing irremediable, the ordinance of Nature.’ (Fils Adoptif:  Memoires de Mirabeau, i. 364-394.) And now, if in some great hour, the shock of a falling Bastille should awaken you; and it were found to be the ordinance of Art merely; and remediable, reversible!