The plan was ingenious, but it did not work.  Van Buren received 170 electoral votes against 124 in spite of his opponents.  He carried fifteen of the twenty-six States, including four in New England.  Harrison received 73 votes, White 26 (including those of Tennessee), and Webster 14.  South Carolina refused to support any of the candidates on either side and threw away her votes on W.P.  Mangum of North Carolina.  The Democrats kept control of both branches of Congress.

Victory, therefore, rested with the Jacksonians—­which means with Jackson himself.  The Democrats would have control of both the executive and legislative branches of the Government for some years to come; the Bank would not soon be re-chartered; the veto power would remain intact; federal expenditure upon internal improvements had been curbed, and the “American system” had been checked; the national debt was discharged and revenue was superabundant; Jackson could look back over the record of his Administrations with pride and forward to the rule of “Little Van” with satisfaction.  “When I review the arduous administration through which I have passed,” declared the President soon after the results of the election were made known, “the formidable opposition, to its very close, of the combined talents, wealth, and power of the whole aristocracy of the United States, aided as it is by the moneyed monopolies of the whole country with their corrupting influence, with which we had to contend, I am truly thankful to my God for this happy result.”

Congress met on the 5th of December for the closing session of the Administration.  The note of victory pervaded the President’s message.  Yet there was one more triumph to be won:  the resolution of censure voted by the Senate in 1834 was still officially on the record book.  Now it was that Benton finally procured the passage of his expunging resolution, although not until both branches of Congress had been dragged into controversy more personal and acrid, if possible, than any in the past eight years.  The action taken was probably unconstitutional.  But Jackson’s “honor” was vindicated, and that was all that he and his friends saw, or cared to see, in the proceeding.  As early as 1831 the President conceived the idea of issuing a farewell address to the people upon the eve of his retirement; and a few weeks before the election of Van Buren he sent to Taney a list of subjects which he proposed to touch upon in the document, requesting him to “throw on paper” his ideas concerning them.  The address was issued on March 4, 1837, and followed closely the copy subsequently found in Taney’s hand writing in the Jackson manuscripts.  Its contents were thoroughly commonplace, being indeed hardly more than a resume of the eight annual messages; and it might well have been dismissed as the amiable musings of a garrulous old man.  But nothing associated with the name of Jackson ever failed to stir controversy.  The Whigs ridiculed the egotism which underlay the