sense are different propositions.  It may easily be that the marriage of individuals of a similar type regardless of consanguinity produces a greater excess of male offspring.  According to the percentage of first cousin marriages among the Jews as given by Mulhall,[33] and allowing the average number of children to a marriage, there would be only 3100 children of such marriages among the Jewish births in Prussia, and in order that these might raise the masculinity of Jewish births even from 106 to 107 the 3100 births would have to have a masculinity of 200.  Among Protestants, or especially among Catholics where the percentage of cousin marriage is much smaller, it seems hardly reasonable that the general masculinity would be appreciably affected.  A much better case can be made for similarity or difference of race as the cause of the variation.  The difference between Catholic and Protestant is, roughly speaking, the difference between the brachycephalic brunette Alpine race and the dolichocephalic blonde Baltic race.  So that a mixed marriage in Germany would almost always mean the crossing of two distinct types.

[Footnote 33:  Dictionary of Statistics, op. cit., p. 383.]

The investigations of M. Gache in Buenos Ayres covering the period from 1884 to 1894 inclusive, show that cross breeding has had the effect of raising the masculinity.  The births resulting from unions of Italian, Spanish and French male immigrants with native-born Argentine females, show a higher masculinity than the births produced either by pure Argentine alliances or by pure alliances of any of these nationalities of Buenos Ayres.  Further, the unions of Argentine males with females of foreign nationality provide a higher masculinity than is common among Argentines themselves.[34] These facts do not necessarily contradict the theory that any crossing of great racial groups diminishes masculinity, for all of the nationalities involved in this study are predominantly Mediterranean in blood.  The theory is borne out by the statistics of the negroes in the United States, a large proportion of whom are of mixed blood.  For taking as a basis the number of children of negro descent born during the year ending June 1, 1900 reported by the Twelfth Census, the females predominated, giving a negative masculinity of 99.8.  Furthermore, the percentage of consanguineous marriage is probably high in the colored population.

[Footnote 34:  C.J. & J.N.  Lewis, Natality and Fecundity, pp. 114-116.]

The following table compiled from Mulhall[35] and other sources fails to show any correspondence between the percentage of first cousin marriage and the masculinity: 

TABLE XI.
---------------------------------------
Country. |Masculinity.|  Per cent 1st
|            |cousin marriage.
---------------------------------------
England  |   104.5    |      .75
France   |   105.3    |     1.26
Italy    |   107.0    |      .69
Prussia  |   105.8    |      .67
U.S.[36] |   104.9    |     1.00
Jews[37] |   107.6    |     2.30
---------------------------------------

[Footnote 35:  Op. cit., p. 92.]