B. 6.—­For the moment they were driven back without much difficulty, by Lupicinus, Julian’s Legate (the first Legate we hear of in Britain since Lollius Urbicus), who, when the death of Constantius II. (in 361) had extinguished that royal line, aided his master to become “Dominus totius orbis”—­as he is called in an inscription[342] describing his triumphant campaigns “ex oceano Britannico.”  And after “the victory of the Galilaean” (363) had ended Julian’s brief and futile attempt to restore the Higher Paganism (to which several British inscriptions testify),[343] it was again to an Emperor from Britain that there fell the Lordship of the World—­Valentinian, son of Gratian, whose dynasty lasted out the remaining century of Romano-British history.

B. 7.—­His reign was marked in our land by a life-and-death struggle with the inrushing barbarians.  The Picts and Scots were now joined by yet another tribe, the cannibal[344] Attacotti[345] of Valentia, and their invasions were facilitated by the simultaneous raids of the Saxon pirates (with whom they may perhaps have been actually in concert) along the coast.  The whole land had been wasted, and more than one Roman general defeated, when Theodosius, father of the Great Emperor, was sent, in 368, to the rescue.  Crossing from Boulogne to Richborough in a lucky calm,[346] and fixing his head-quarters at London, or Augusta, as it was now called [Londinium vetus oppidum, quod Augustam posteritas apellavit], he first, by a skilful combination of flying columns, cut to pieces the scattered hordes of the savages as they were making off with their booty, and finally not only drove them back beyond the Wall, which he repaired and re-garrisoned,[347] but actually recovered the district right up to Agricola’s rampart, which had been barbarian soil ever since the days of Severus.[348] It was now (369) formed into a fifth British province, and named Valentia in honour of Valens, the brother and colleague of the Emperor.

B. 8.—­The Twentieth Legion, whose head-quarters had so long been at Chester, seems to have been moved to guard this new province.  Forty years later Claudian speaks of it as holding the furthest outposts in Britain, in his well-known description of the dying Pict: 

  “Venit et extremis legio praetenta Britannis,
  Quae Scoto dat frena truci, ferroque notatas
  Perlegit exsangues Picto moriente figuras.”

  ["From Britain’s bound the outpost legion came,
  Which curbs the savage Scot, and fading sees
  The steel-wrought figures on the dying Pict.”]

The same poet makes Theodosius fight and conquer even in the Orkneys and in Ireland;

  “—­maduerunt Saxone fuso
  Orcades; incaluit Pictorum sanguine Thule;
  Scotorum cumulos flevit glacialis Ierne."[349]

  ["With Saxon slaughter flowed the Orkney strand,
  With Pictish blood cold Thule warmer grew;
  And icy Erin wept her Scotchmen slain.”]