[Footnote 170:  ‘Ep. ad Atticum,’ vi. 1.]

[Footnote 171:  See Dio Cassius, xii. 2.]

[Footnote 172:  The Procurator of a Province was the Imperial Finance Administrator. (See Haverfield, ‘Authority and Archaeology,’ p. 310.)]

[Footnote 173:  An inscription calls the place Colonia Victricensis.]

[Footnote 174:  Tacitus, ‘Ann.’ xiv. 32.]

[Footnote 175:  Demeter and Kore.  M. Martin (’Hist.  France,’ i. 63) thinks there is here a confusion between the Greek Kore (Proserpine) and Koridwen, the White Fairy, the Celtic Goddess of the Moon and also (as amongst the Greeks) of maidenhood.  But this is not proven.]

[Footnote 176:  The former is Strabo’s variant of the name (which may possibly be connected with [Greek:  semnos]), the latter that of Dionysius Periegetes (’De Orbe,’ 57).  In Caesar we find a third form Namnitae, which Professor Rhys connects with the modern Nantes.]

[Footnote 177:  See p. 127.]

[Footnote 178:  As Agricola, his father-in-law, was actually with Suetonius, Tacitus had exceptional opportunities for knowing the truth.]

[Footnote 179:  Suetonius probably retreated southward when he left London, and reoccupied its ruins when the Britons, instead of following him, turned northwards to Verulam.]

[Footnote 180:  The Roman pilum was a casting spear with a heavy steel head, nine inches long.]

[Footnote 181:  Tac., ‘Agricola,’ c. 12.]

[Footnote 182:  That the well-known coins commemorating these victories and bearing the legend IVDAEA CAPTA are not infrequently found in Britain, indicates the special connection between Vespasian and our island.  The great argument used by Titus and Agrippa to convince the Jews that even the walls of Jerusalem would fail to resist the onset of Romans was that no earthly rampart could compare with the ocean wall of Britain (Josephus, D.B.J., II. 16, vi, 6).]

[Footnote 183:  The spread of Latin oratory and literature in Britain is spoken of at this date by Juvenal (Sat. xv. 112), and Martial (Epig. xi. 3), who mentions that his own works were current here:  “Dicitur et nostros cantare Britannia versus.”]

[Footnote 184:  Mr. Haverfield suggests that Silchester may also be an Agricolan city (see p. 184).]

[Footnote 185:  Juvenal mentions these designs (II. 159): 

“—­Arma quidem ultra Litora Juvernae promovimus, et modo captas Orcadas, et minima contentos nocte Britannos” (i.e. those furthest north).]

[Footnote 186:  According to Dio Cassius this voyage of discovery was first made by some deserters (’Hist.  Rom.’ lxix. 20).]

[Footnote 187:  The little that is known of this rampart will be found in the next chapter (see p. 198).]

[Footnote 188:  Sallustius Lucullus, who succeeded Agricola as Pro-praetor, was slain by Domitian only for the invention of an improved lance, known by his name (as rifles now are called Mausers, etc.).]