[Footnote 88:  It is thus represented by Giraldus Cambrensis, who gives us the story of Caesar’s campaigns from the British point of view, as it survived (of course with gross exaggerations) in the Cymric legends of his day.]

[Footnote 89:  Lucan, the last champion of anti-Caesarism, sung, two generations after its overthrow, the praises and the dirge of the Oligarchy.]

[Footnote 90:  See my ‘Alfred in the Chroniclers,’ p. 44.]

[Footnote 91:’Ad Treb.’  Ep.  VI.]

[Footnote 92:  ‘Ad Treb.’  Ep.  VII.]

[Footnote 93:  Ep. 10.]

[Footnote 94:  Ep. 16.]

[Footnote 95:  Ep. 17.]

[Footnote 96:  IV. 15.]

[Footnote 97:  III. 1.]

[Footnote 98:  II. 16.]

[Footnote 99:  II. 15.]

[Footnote 100:  III. 10.]

[Footnote 101:  Wace (’Roman de Ron,’ 11,567) gives 696 as the exact total.]

[Footnote 102:  ‘Strategemata,’ viii. 23.]

[Footnote 103:  This was probably not Deal, which had not proved a satisfactory station, but Richborough, where the Wantsum, then a broad arm of the sea between Kent and Thanet, provided an excellent harbour for a large fleet.  It was, moreover, the regular emporium of the tin trade (see p. 36), and a British trackway thus led to it.]

[Footnote 104:  Otherwise Cadwallon, which, according to Professor Rhys, signifies War King, and may possibly have been a title rather than a personal name.  But it remained in use as the latter for many centuries of British history.]

[Footnote 105:  Vine, ‘Caesar in Kent,’ p. 171.  The spot is “in Bourne Park, not far from the road leading up to Bridge Hill.”]

[Footnote 106:  See p. 244.]

[Footnote 107:  See II.  G. 8.  The tradition of this sentiment long survived.  Hegesippus (A.D. 150) says:  “Britanni ... quidesse servitus ignorabant; soli sibi nati, semper sibi liberi” (’De Bello Judiaco,’ II. 9).]

[Footnote 108:  Polyaenus (A.D. 180) in his ‘Strategemata’ (viii. 23) ascribes their panic to Caesar’s elephant.  See p. 107.]

[Footnote 109:  At Ilerda.  See Dodge, ‘Caesar,’ xxviii.]

[Footnote 110:  Frontinus (A.D. 90), ‘Strategemata II.’ xiii.  II.]

[Footnote 111:  Coins of all three bear the words COMMI.  F. (Commii Filius), but Verica alone calls himself REX.  Those of Eppillus were struck at Calleva (Silchester?).]

[Footnote 112:  See p. 54.]

[Footnote 113:  This is the spelling adopted by Suetonius.]

[Footnote 114:  The lion was already a specially British emblem.  Ptolemy (’de Judiciis II.’ 3) ascribes the special courage of Britons to the fact that they are astrologically influenced by Leo and Mars.  It is interesting to remember that our success in the Crimean War was prognosticated from Mars being in Leo at its commencement (March 1854).  Tennyson, in ‘Maud,’ has referred to this—­“And pointed to Mars, As he hung like a ruddy shield on the Lion’s breast.”]