Voltaire, whom he calls “the Frenchman par excellence,” and of whom he is proud as the literary sovereign of his age.  At the same time, in articles directly devoted to Joubert, as well as by frequent citations of his judgments, he lauds this spiritually-minded thinker as one of the best of critics.  And yet of Voltaire, Joubert says the hardest things:  “Voltaire is sometimes sad; he is excited; but he is never serious.  His graces even are impudent.—­There are defects difficult to perceive, that have not been classed or defined, and have no names.  Voltaire is full of them.”

In a paper on Louise Labe, a poetess of the sixteenth century, he reproduces some of her poems and several passages of prose, and then adds:  “These passages prove, once more, the marked superiority that, at almost all times, French prose has over French poetry.”  No German or English or Italian critic could say this of his native literature, and the saying of it by the foremost of French critics is not an exaltation of French prose, it is a depression of French poetry.  In this judgment there is a reach and severity of which possibly the eminent critic was not fully conscious; for it amounts to an acknowledgment that the nature and language of the French are not capable of producing and embodying the highest poetry.

Goethe, M. Sainte-Beuve always mentions with deference.  On Eckerman’s “Conversations with Goethe” he has a series of three papers, wherein he deals chiefly with the critic and sage, exhibiting with honest pride Goethe’s admiration of some of the chief French writers, and his acknowledgment of what he owed them.  To a passage relating to the French translation of Eckerman, M. Sainte-Beuve has the following note, which we, on this side the Atlantic, may cherish as a high tribute to our distinguished countrywoman:  “The English translation is by Miss Fuller, afterwards Marchioness Ossoli, who perished so unhappily by shipwreck.  An excellent preface precedes this translation, and I must say that for elevated comprehension of the subject and for justness of appreciation it leaves our preface far behind it.  Miss Fuller, an American lady of Boston, was a person of true merit and of great intellectual vigor.”  A sympathetic student of Goethe, Margaret Fuller purposed to write a life of him; and seeing what critical capacity and what insight into the nature of Goethe she has shown in this preface, we may be confident that she would have made a genuine contribution to the Goethe “literature,” had she lived to do that and other high literary work.  Her many friends had nearer and warmer motives for deploring the early loss of this gifted, generous, noble-hearted woman.