But there is another thing to be said about the Mohammedan Heaven and Hell.  This namely, that, however gross and material they may be, they are an emblem of an everlasting truth, not always so well remembered elsewhere.  That gross sensual Paradise of his; that horrible flaming Hell; the great enormous Day of Judgment he perpetually insists on:  what is all this but a rude shadow, in the rude Bedouin imagination, of that grand spiritual Fact, and Beginning of Facts, which it is ill for us too if we do not all know and feel:  the Infinite Nature of Duty?  That man’s actions here are of infinite moment to him, and never die or end at all; that man, with his little life, reaches upwards high as Heaven, downwards low as Hell, and in his threescore years of Time holds an Eternity fearfully and wonderfully hidden:  all this had burnt itself, as in flame-characters, into the wild Arab soul.  As in flame and lightning, it stands written there; awful, unspeakable, ever present to him.  With bursting earnestness, with a fierce savage sincerity, halt, articulating, not able to articulate, he strives to speak it, bodies it forth in that Heaven and that Hell.  Bodied forth in what way you will, it is the first of all truths.  It is venerable under all embodiments.  What is the chief end of man here below?  Mohammed has answered this question, in a way that might put some of us to shame!  He does not, like a Bentham, a Paley, take Right and Wrong, and calculate the profit and loss, ultimate pleasure of the one and of the other; and summing all up by addition and subtraction into a net result, ask you, Whether on the whole the Right does not preponderate considerably?  No; it is not better to do the one than the other; the one is to the other as life is to death,—­as Heaven is to Hell.  The one must in nowise be done, the other in nowise left undone.  You shall not measure them; they are incommensurable:  the one is death eternal to a man, the other is life eternal.  Benthamee Utility, virtue by Profit and Loss; reducing this God’s-world to a dead brute Steam-engine, the infinite celestial Soul of Man to a kind of Hay-balance for weighing hay and thistles on, pleasures and pains on:—­if you ask me which gives, Mohammed or they, the beggarlier and falser view of Man and his Destinies in this Universe, I will answer, It is not Mohammed!—­

On the whole, we will repeat that this Religion of Mohammed’s is a kind of Christianity; has a genuine element of what is spiritually highest looking through it, not to be hidden by all its imperfections.  The Scandinavian God Wish, the god of all rude men,—­this has been enlarged into a Heaven by Mohammed; but a Heaven symbolical of sacred Duty, and to be earned by faith and well-doing, by valiant action, and a divine patience which is still more valiant.  It is Scandinavian Paganism, and a truly celestial element super-added to that.  Call it not false; look not at the falsehood of it, look at