ILLUSTRATIONS—­VOLUME V

  Heidelberg
  Friedrich Schleiermacher.  By E. Hader
  The Three Hermits.  By Moritz von Schwind
  Johann Gottlieb Fichte.  By Bury
  Volunteers of 1813 before King Friedrich Wilhelm III in Breslau.  By F.W.  Scholtz
  Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling.  By Carl Begas
  The Jungfrau.  By Moritz von Schwind
  The Magic Horn.  By Moritz von Schwind
  Ludwig Achim von Arnim.  By Stroehling
  Clemens Brentano.  By E. Linder
  The Reaper.  By Walter Crane
  Wilhelm Grimm.  By E. Hader
  Jacob Grimm.  By E. Hader
  Haensel and Gretel.  By Ludwig Richter
  Ernst Moritz Arndt.  By Julius Roeting
  Theodor Koerner.  By E. Hader
  Maximilian Gottfried von Schenkendorf
  Ludwig Uhland.  By C. Jaeger
  The Villa by the Sea.  By Arnold Boecklin
  Leaving at Dawn.  By Moritz von Schwind
  Joseph von Eichendorff.  By Franz Kugler
  Adalbert von Chamisso.  By C. Jaeger
  The Wedding Journey.  By Moritz von Schwind
  Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hofmann.  By Hensel
  Friedrich Baron de la Motte-Fouque
  Wilhelm Hauff.  By E. Hader
  The Sentinel.  By Robert Haug
  Friedrich Rueckert.  By C. Jaeger
  Memories of Youth.  By Ludwig Richter
  August Graf von Platen-Hallermund
  The Morning Hour.  By Moritz von Schwind

THE ROMANTIC PHILOSOPHERS—­FICHTE, SCHELLING, AND SCHLEIERMACHER

By Frank Thilly, Ph.D., LL.D.  Professor of Philosophy, Cornell University

The Enlightenment of the eighteenth century had implicit faith in the powers of human reason to reach the truth.  With its logical-mathematical method it endeavored to illuminate every nook and corner of knowledge, to remove all obscurity, mystery, bigotry, and superstition, to find a reason for everything under the sun.  Nature, religion, the State, law, morality, language, and art were brought under the searchlight of reason and reduced to simple and self-evident principles.  Human institutions were measured according to their reasonableness; whatever was not rational had no raison d’etre; to demolish the natural and historical in order to make room for the rational became the practical ideal of the day.  Enlightenment emphasized the worth and dignity of the human individual, it sought to deliver him from the slavery of authority and tradition, to make him self-reliant in thought and action, to obtain for him his natural rights, to secure his happiness and perfection in a world expressly made for him, and to guarantee the continuance of his personal existence in the life to come.  In Germany this great movement found expression in a popular commonsense philosophy which proved the existence of God, freedom, and immortality, and conceived the universe as a rational order designed by an all-wise and all-good Creator for the benefit of man, his highest product; while other thinkers regarded