TUTOR, PRIVATE.  At the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, an instructor, whose position and studies are set forth in the following extracts.

“Besides the public tutors appointed in each college,” says De Quincey, writing of Oxford, “there are also tutors strictly private, who attend any students in search of special and extraordinary aid, on terms settled privately by themselves.  Of these persons, or their existence, the college takes no cognizance.”  “These are the working agents in the Oxford system.”  “The Tutors of Oxford correspond to the Professors of other universities.”—­Life and Manners, Boston, 1851, pp. 252, 253.

Referring to Cambridge, Bristed remarks:  “The private tutor at an English university corresponds, as has been already observed, in many respects, to the professor at a German.  The German professor is not necessarily attached to any specific chair; he receives no fixed stipend, and has not public lecture-rooms; he teaches at his own house, and the number of his pupils depends on his reputation.  The Cambridge private tutor is also a graduate, who takes pupils at his rooms in numbers proportionate to his reputation and ability.  And although while the German professor is regularly licensed as such by his university, and the existence of the private tutor as such is not even officially recognized by his, still this difference is more apparent than real; for the English university has virtually licensed the tutor to instruct in a particular branch by the standing she has given him in her examinations.”  “Students come up to the University with all degrees of preparation....  To make up for former deficiences, and to direct study so that it may not be wasted, are two desiderata which probably led to the introduction of private tutors, once a partial, now a general appliance.”—­Five Years in an Eng.  Univ., Ed. 2d, pp. 146-148.

TUTORSHIP.  The office of a tutor.—­Hooker.

In the following passage, this word is used as a titulary compellation, like the word lordship.

  One morning, as the story goes,
  Before his tutorship arose.—­Rebelliad, p. 73.

TUTORS’ PASTURE.  In 1645, John Bulkley, the “first Master of Arts in Harvard College,” by a deed, gave to Mr. Dunster, the President of that institution, two acres of land in Cambridge, during his life.  The deed then proceeds:  “If at any time he shall leave the Presidency, or shall decease, I then desire the College to appropriate the same to itself for ever, as a small gift from an alumnus, bearing towards it the greatest good-will.”  “After President Dunster’s resignation,” says Quincy, “the Corporation gave the income of Bulkley’s donation to the tutors, who received it for many years, and hence the enclosure obtained the name of ‘Tutors’ Pasture,’ or ‘Fellows’ Orchard.’” In the Donation Book of the College, the deed is introduced as “Extractum Doni Pomarii Sociorum per Johannem Bulkleium.”—­Quincy’s Hist.  Harv.  Univ., Vol.  I. pp. 269, 270.