[133] Female spirits, who always stay in one place.

[134] See Tradition of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 178.

[135] This diam is sometimes repeated for the saloko (see p. 319).

[136] Known as Palasod in Bakaok.

[137] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 175.

[138] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 174.

[139] Op. cit., p. 175.

[140] In Patok this offering is placed in a saloko, which is planted close to the stream.

[141] Known in Ba-ak and Langiden as Daya, in Patok and vicinity as Komon or Ubaiya.

[142] This part of the ceremony is often omitted in the valley towns.

[143] Canarium villosum Bl.  The resinous properties of this tree are supposed to make bright or clear, to the spirits, that the ceremony has been properly conducted.  According to some informants, the pala-an is intended as a stable for the horse of Idadaya when he attends the ceremony, but this seems to be a recent explanation.

[144] This feeding of the spirits with blood and rice is known as pisek, while the whole of the procedure about the mortar is called sangba.

[145] This consists of two bundles of rice, a dish of broken rice, a hundred fathoms of thread, one leg of the pig, and a small coin.

[146] Many spirits which appear here and in Sayang are not mentioned in the alphabetical list of spirits, as they play only a local or minor role in the life of the people.

[147] The spirit who lives in the sagang, the sharpened bamboo sticks on which the skulls of enemies were displayed.

[148] This is of particular interest, as the Tinguian are hostile to the people of this region, and it is unlikely that either of the mediums had ever seen a native of that region.

[149] The name by which the Tinguian designate their own people.

[150] The spirits’ name for the Tinguian.

[151] The term Alzado is applied to the wilder head-hunting groups north and east of Abra.

[152] When the tangpap is built during the Sayang ceremony, it is a little house with two raised floors.  On the lower are small pottery jars, daubed with white, and filled with basi (Plate XX).

[153] The talagan (see p. 308).

[154] This being lives in Binogan.  His brothers are Gilen, Ilongbosan, Idodosan, Iyangayang, and Sagolo.

[155] The site of the old village of Bukay.

[156] In addition to the writer and his wife, Lieut. and Mrs. H.B.  Rowell were initiated at this time.  The Lieutenant had long been a friend and adviser of the tribe, and was held in great esteem by them.  The writer’s full name was Agonan Dumalawi, Mrs. Cole’s—­Ginobayan Gimpayan, Lieut.  Rowell’s—­Andonan Dogyawi, and Mrs. Rowell’s—­Gayankayan Gidonan.