Observations on the Southern Chinese and the South Perak Malay are given below, not with the intention of connecting them with any one of the tribes of Luzon, but in order to test, by comparison, the theory of the Chinese origin of the Tinguian, and also to secure, if possible, some clue as to the relationships of both peoples.

The Southern Chinese

Dr. Girard, [33] as a result of his studies on the Chinese of Kwang-si, a province of southern China, expresses the belief that the population is greatly mixed, but all considered they appear more like Indo-Chinese than like the Chinese proper (that is, Northern Chinese). Deniker [34] comes to a similar conclusion from a study of the results obtained by many observers.

Girard gives the following measurements for 25 males of Kwang-si: 

Range             Average
Height, standing         meters    1.528 to 1.748    1.616
Length of head             "                          .1815
Breadth of head            "                          .1435
Height of head             "                          .1270
Length of nose             "                          .04648
Breadth of nose            "                          .03876

Cephalic index                     73.    to 85.     79.52
Length-Height index                                  69.9
Breadth-Height index                                 88.5
Nasal index                        67.    to 95.     82.98

Deniker (p. 578) gives the average height of 15,582 males, mostly Hakka of Kwang-tung, as 1.622.  The cephalic index of 61 living subjects and 84 crania, principally from Canton, he finds to be—­Living 81.2; crania 78.2.

Martin [35] presents the following data:  Average height of males—­1.614; average height of females—­1.498.  Cephalic index (49 males)—­81.8.  Length-Height index (49 males)—­66.5.  Nasal index (49 males)—­77.7. [36]

South Perak Malay [37]

Observations by Annandale and Robinson (Fasciculi Malayenses, Pt.  I, pp. 105 et seq., London, 1903).

37 males Range Average Height, standing meters 1.488 to 1.763 1.594 Length of head " .173 to .198 .182 Breadth of head " .141 to .162 .149 Height of head (tragus to vertex) " .119 to .146 .135 Breadth of zygomatic arches " .120 to .150 .139 Length of nose " .0413 to .0525 .0477 Breadth of nose " .0337 to .0437 .0358

Cephalic index 82.3
Length-Height index 73.9
Nasal index 81.2

Color—­Varies from dark olive to red; less commonly olive or yellowish white.

Eyes—­Black, sometimes reddish brown.