[26] Blumentritt (Ethnographie der Philippinen, Introduction; also American Anthropologist, Vol.  XI, 1898, p. 296) has advanced the theory of three Malay invasions into the Philippines.  To the first, which is put at about 200 B.C., belong the Igorot, Apayao, and Tinguian, but the last are considered as of a later period.  The second invasion occurred about A.D. 100-500, and includes the Tagalog, Visaya, Ilocano, and other alphabet-using peoples.  The third is represented by the Mohammedan groups which began to enter the Islands in the fourteenth century.

[27] Brinton (Am.  Anthropologist, Vol.  XI, 1898, p. 302) states that the Ilocano of northwestern Luzon are markedly Chinese in appearance and speech, but he fails to give either authorities or examples to substantiate this claim.  For Indian influence on Philippine dialects, see Pardo De Tavera, El sanscrito e la lingua tagalog (Paris, 1887); also Williams, Manual and Dictionary of Ilocano (Manila, 1907).

[28] A detailed study of the language is not presented in this volume.  The author has a large collection of texts which will be published at a later date, together with a study of the principal Tinguian dialects.  A short description of the Ilocano language, by the writer, will be found in the New International Encyclopaedia.

[29] A more detailed study of these tribes will be given in a forthcoming volume on Philippine Physical Types.

[30] Observations on 13 Ilocano skulls are tabulated by Koeze (Crania Ethnica Philippinica, pp. 56-57, Haarlem, 1901-4).

[31] A short series of Igorot skull measurements is given by Koeze (Crania Ethnica Philippinica, pp. 42-43, Haarlem, 1901-4).

[32] Am.  Anthropologist, 1906, pp. 194-195.

[33] Notes sur les Chinois du Quang-si (L’Anthropologie, Vol.  IX, 1898, pp. 144-170).

[34] The Races of Man, pp. 384, 577, et seq.(London, 1900).

[35] Martin, Inlandstaemme der Malayischen Halbinsel, pp. 237, 351, 358, 386 (Jena, 1905).

[36] For measurements on the Northern Chinese and the Formosa Chinese see Koganei, Messungen an chinesischen Soldaten (Mitt. med.  Fak. k. japan.  Univ.  Tokio, 1903, Vol.  VI, No. 2), und Messungen an maennlichen Chinesen-Schaedeln (Internat.  Centralblatt fuer Anthropologie, 1902, pp. 129, et seq.).

[37] For other observations on Malaysia, in general, see Annandale and Robinson (Jour.  Anth.  Inst., Vol.  XXXII, 1902); Keane, Ethnology (Cambridge, 1907); Duckworth (Jour.  Anth.  Inst., Vol.  XXXII); Hose and McDougall (The Pagan Tribes of Borneo, Vol.  II, pp. 311, et seq.) give results by Haddon; Hamy (L’Anthropologie, Vol.  VII, Paris, 1896); Hagen, Anthropologische Studien aus Insulinde (Amsterdam, 1890); Sullivan, Racial Types in the Philippine Islands (Anth.  Papers, American Museum of Nat.  Hist., Vol.  XIII, pt. 1, New York, 1918).