If the character of Admetos is somewhat lowered by Browning beneath the conception of the Greek dramatist, to allow room for its subsequent elevation, the conception of Herakles is certainly heightened. We shall not say that Balaustion is the speaker and that Herakles is somewhat of a woman’s hero. Browning himself fully enters into Balaustion’s enthusiasm. And the presence of the strong, joyous helper of men is in truth an inspiring one. The great voice that goes before him is itself a Sursum corda!—a challenge and a summons to whatever manliness is in us. And the best of it is that sauntering the pavement or crossing the ferry we may happen to encounter this face of Herakles:
Out of this face emerge banners
and horses—O superb! I see what is
coming;
I see the high pioneer-caps—I
see the slaves of runners clearing the way,
I hear victorious drums.
This face is a life-boat.
For Walt Whitman too had seen Brother Jonathan Herakles, and indeed the face of the strong and tender wound-dresser was itself as the face of a calmer Herakles to many about to die. The speeches of the demigod in Browning’s transcript require an abundant commentary, but it is the commentary of an irrepressible joy, an outbreak of enthusiasm which will not be controlled. The glorious Gargantuan creature, in the best sense Rabelaisian, is uplifted by Browning into a very saint of joyous effort; no pallid ascetic, indeed, beating his breast with the stone, but a Christian saint of Luther’s school, while at the same time a somewhat over-boisterous benevolent Paynim giant:
Gladness be with thee, Helper
of our world!
I think this is the authentic
sign and sea!
Of Godship, that it ever waxes
glad,
And more glad, until gladness
blossoms, bursts
Into a rage to suffer for
mankind,
And recommence at sorrow.
Something of the Herakles ideal appears again and again in other poems of Browning. His Breton sailor, Herve Riel, has more than a touch of the Heraclean frankness of gaiety in arduous effort. His Ivan Ivanovitch wields the axe and abolishes a life with the Heraclean joy in righteousness. And in the last of Browning’s poems, not without a pathetically over-boisterous effort and strain, there is the suggestion of an ideal conception of himself as a Herakles-Browning; the old man tries at least to send his great voice before him.
The new Admetos, new Alkestis, imagined by Balaustion at the close of the poem, are wedded lovers who, like the married in Pompilia’s dream of heaven, “know themselves into one.” For them the severance of death has become an impossible thing; and therefore no place is left for Herakles in this treatment of the story. It expresses Browning’s highest conception of the union of soul with soul:
Therewith her whole soul entered
into his,
He looked the look back, and
Alkestis died—