[Footnote 218:  Mommsen, Hermes, 27 (1892), p. 109.]

[Footnote 219:  Marquardt, Staatsverw., I, p. 47 and note 3.]

[Footnote 220:  Val.  Max.  IX, 2, 1; Plutarch, Sulla, 32; Appian, Bell.  Civ., I, 94; Lucan II, 194; Plutarch, praec. ger. reip., ch. 19 (p. 816); Augustinus, de civ.  Dei, III, 28; Dessau, C.I.L., XIV, p. 289, n. 2.]

[Footnote 221:  One third of the land was the usual amount taken.]

[Footnote 222:  Note Mommsen’s guess, as yet unproved (Hermes, 27 (1892), p. 109), that tribus, colonia, and duoviri iure dicundo go together, as do curia, municipium and IIIIviri i.d. and aed. pot.]

[Footnote 223:  Florus II, 9, 27 (III, 21):  municipia Italiae splendidissima sub hasta venierunt, Spoletium, Interamnium, Praeneste, Florentia.  See C.I.L., IX, 5074, 5075 for lack of distinction between colonia and municipium even in inscriptions.  Florentia remained a colony (Mommsen, Hermes, 18 (1883), p. 176).  Especially for difference in meaning of municipium from Roman and municipal point of view, see Marquardt, Staatsverw., I, p. 28, n. 2.  For difference in earlier and later meaning of municipes, Marquardt, l.c., p. 34, n. 8.  Valerius Maximus IX, 2, 1, speaking of Praeneste in connection with Sulla says:  quinque milia Praenestinorum extra moenia municipii evocata, where municipium means “town,” and Dessau, C.I.L., XIV, p. 289, n. 1, speaking of the use of the word says:  “ei rei non multum tribuerim.”]

[Footnote 224:  Gellius XVI, 13, 5, ex colonia in municipii statum redegit.  See Mommsen, Hermes, 18 (1883), p. 167.]

[Footnote 225:  Mommsen, Hermes, 27 (1892), p. 110; C.I.L., XIV, 2889:  genio municipii; 2941, 3004:  patrono municipii, which Dessau (Hermes, 18 (1883), p. 167, n. 1) recognizes from the cutting as dating certainly later than Tiberius’ time.]

[Footnote 226:  Regular colony officials appear all along in the incriptions down into the third century A.D.]

[Footnote 227:  Gellius XVI, 13, 5.]

[Footnote 228:  More in detail by Mommsen, Hermes, 27 (1892), p. 110.]

[Footnote 229:  Livy VII, 12, 8; VIII, 12, 8.]

[Footnote 230:  Mommsen, Hermes, 18 (1883), p. 161.]

[Footnote 231:  Cicero, pro P. Sulla, XXI, 61.]

[Footnote 232:  Niebuhr, R.G., II, 55, says the colonists from Rome were the patricians of the place, and were the only citizens who had full rights (civitas cum suffragio et iure honorum).  Peter, Zeitschrift fuer Alterth., 1844, p. 198 takes the same view as Niebuhr.  Against them are Kuhn, Zeitschrift fuer Alterth., 1854, Sec. 67-68, and Zumpt, Studia Rom., p. 367.  Marquardt, Staatsverw., I, p. 36, n. 7, says that neither thesis is proved.]

[Footnote 233:  Dessau, C.I.L., XIV, p. 289.]

[Footnote 234:  Cicero, de leg. agr., II, 28, 78, complains that the property once owned by the colonists was now in the hands of a few.  This means certainly, mostly bought up by old inhabitants, and a few does not mean a score, but few in comparison to the number of soldiers who had taken their small allotments of land.]