[Footnote 32:  To anticipate any one saying that this scarping is modern, and was done to make the approach to the Via del Colonnaro, I will say that the modern part of it is insignificant, and can be most plainly distinguished, and further, that the two pieces of opus incertum which are there, as shown also in Fernique’s map, Etude sur Preneste, opp. p. 222, are Sullan in date.]

[Footnote 33:  Fernique, Etude sur Preneste, map facing p. 222.  His book is on the whole the best one on Praeneste but leaves much to be desired when the question is one of topography or epigraphy (see Dessau’s comment C.I.L., XIV, p. 294, n. 4).  Even Marucchi, Guida Arch., p. 68, n. 1, took the word of a citizen of the town who wrote him that parts of a wall of opus quadratum could be traced along the Via dello Spregato, and so fell into error.  Blondel, Melanges d’archeologie et d’histoire de l’ecole francaise de Rome, 1882, plate 5, shows a little of this polygonal cyclopean construction.]

[Footnote 34:  Nibby, Analisi, II, p. 511, wrote his note on the wall beyond San Francesco from memory.  He says that one follows the monastery wall down, and then comes to a big reservoir.  The monastery wall has only a few stones from the cyclopean wall in it, and they are set in among rubble, and are plainly a few pieces from the upper wall above the gate.  The reservoir which he reaches is half a mile away across a depression several hundred feet deep, and there is no possible connection, for the reservoir is over on Colle San Martino, not on the hill of Praeneste at all.]

[Footnote 35:  The postern or portella is just what one would expect near a corner of the wall, as a less important and smaller entrance to a terrace less wide than the main one above it, which had its big gates at west and east, the Porta San Francesco and the Porta del Cappuccini.  The Porta San Francesco is proved old and famous by C.I.L., XIV, 3343, where supra viam is all that is necessary to designate the road from this gate.  Again an antica via in Via dello Spregato (Not. d.  Scavi, I (1885), p. 139, shows that inside this oldest cross wall there was a road part way along it, at least.)]

[Footnote 36:  The Cyclopean wall inside the Porta del Sole was laid bare in 1890, Not. d.  Scavi, 7-8 (1890), p. 38.]

[Footnote 37:  Nibby, Analisi, II, p. 501:  “A destra della contrada degli Arconi due cippi simili a quelli del pomerio di Roma furono scoperti nel risarcire la strada Tanno 1824.”]

[Footnote 38:  Some of the paving stones are still to be seen in situ under the modern wall which runs up from the brick reservoir of imperial date.  This wall was to sustain the refuse which was thrown over the city wall.  The place between the walls is now a garden.]

[Footnote 39:  I have examined with care every foot of the present western wall on which the houses are built, from the outside, and from the cellars inside, and find no traces of antiquity, except the few stones here and there set in late rubble in such a way that it is sure they have been simply picked up somewhere and brought there for use as extra material.]