12.  A freight train left Albany for New York at 6 o’clock.  An express left on the same track at 8 o’clock.  It went at the rate of 40 miles an hour.  At what time of day will it overtake the freight train if the freight train stops after it has gone 56 miles?

A different type of measurement is accomplished by using Thorndike’s scale for measuring the quality of handwriting.[23] A typical distribution of the scores which children receive on the handwriting scale reads as follows:  For a fourth grade one child writes quality four, two quality six, five quality seven, seven quality eight, eight quality nine, three quality ten, two quality eleven, two quality twelve, one quality thirteen, one quality fourteen.  In a table the distributions of scores in penmanship for a large number of papers selected at random show the following results: 

=======================================================

=====
|                 GRADES
SCORES      +------+------+------+------+------+------+-----
|   2  |   3  |   4  |   5  |   6  |   7  |   8
------------+-------------+------+------+------+------+-----

0           |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­
1           |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­
2           |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­
3           |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­
4           |   5  |   2  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­
5           |  22  |   2  |   3  |   3  |  —­  |   1  |  —­
6           |  21  |  21  |  16  |   3  |   2  |  —­  |   1
7           |  29  |  44  |  24  |  12  |   1  |   3  |   3
8           |  28  |  86  |  42  |  56  |  20  |  15  |   7
9           |  42  |  41  |  55  |  61  |  25  |  29  |  11
10          |   7  |   8  |  20  |  16  |   9  |  11  |   1
11          |  29  |  13  |  21  |  17  |  32  |  25  |  23
12          |   5  |   2  |  15  |  15  |  44  |  12  |  21
13          |   7  |   2  |   2  |   6  |  17  |  19  |   9
14          |  —­  |  —­  |   3  |   4  |  10  |  16  |   9
15          |  —­  |  —­  |   1  |  —­  |   9  |   6  |  15
16          |   1  |  —­  |  —­  |   1  |  10  |  12  |  17
17          |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |   6  |   2  |   3
18          |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |  —­  |   3  |   1  |  —­
------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-----

Total papers|  196 | 221  | 202 |  194  | 188  | 152  | 124
============================================================

* * * * *

A SCALE FOR HANDWRITING OF CHILDREN IN GRADES 5-8

The Unit of the Scale Equals approximately One-Tenth of the Difference between the Best and Worst of the Formal Writings of 1,000 Children in Grades 5-8.  The Differences 16-15, 15-14, 14-13, etc., represent Equal Fractions of the Combined Mental Scale of Merit of from 23-55 Competent Judges.

Sample 140, representing zero merit in handwriting.  Zero merit is arbitrarily defined as that of a handwriting, recognizable as such, but yet not legible at all and possessed of no beauty.