Minorca also. Bourbon Spain was not to be Austrian
Spain,—that was clear. But this trimming
and pruning of the Peninsular monarchy were very useful
to it; and Spain, having been ploughed up by the sword
for twelve successive years, was in condition to yield
something beyond what it had produced since the death
of Philip II. Accordingly, under the ascendency
of the Italian Alberoni, Spain became rapidly powerful;
and could that remarkable statesman have confined
his labors to affairs purely Spanish in their character
and purpose, that country might have taken, and have
continued to hold, the first place in Europe.
He, however, with all his talents, was intellectually
deficient in some important respects, and so all his
schemes came to nought, and he fell. He tried
to effect too much, and though fully sensible of the
necessity of peace to Spain, he plunged into war.
He did, in fact, what the rulers of Spain are doing
to-day: he sought to restore the old Castilian
influence by engaging the country in wars that would
have been foolish, even if they had not been unjust,
when he should have continued to direct all his attention
to its internal affairs. Had he been at the head
of any other than a Spanish ministry, Alberoni would
probably have borne himself rationally; but there
is something in the politics of Spain that affects
even the wisest of heads, often turning them, as it
were, and rendering their owners the strangest of
caricatures. It is sometimes said that the most
Irish of the people of Ireland are those who have
come latest into the green island, there being something
in its air and soil that soon converts the stranger
into a true Hibernian in all moral respects; but the
remark is more applicable to Spain than to Ireland,
as in the former country foreign statesmen have more
than once made Spanish policy ridiculous by taking
that one step which separates that quality from the
sublime. What in the person of a Castilian is
at the worst but Quixotic becomes in the foreigner,
or man of foreign descent, the merest burlesque upon
statesmanship.
Alberoni’s fall did not imply the fall of Spain.
The renewal of vigor that she had gained under his
direction was sufficiently great to carry her well
through more than seventy years, during which she stood
on an equal footing with France, the Empire, and Great
Britain, and for most of the time was the superior
of Russia and Prussia, whose European greatness did
not begin until the second half of the eighteenth century
had become somewhat advanced. It is difficult
for the men of to-day to understand that Spain was
really a great power under the Bourbon kings, down
to the first years of the French Revolution. We
have seen her, until very recently, a country of little
more European account than Portugal; and that she
should, but eighty years since, have treated with
England as equal with equal, after having assisted
at the work of England’s humiliation, it is
hard to comprehend. But such was the fact.