The “two economies which are the best succedanea" for deficiency of temperament are concentration and drill.  This he illustrates by example, and he also lays down some good, plain, practical rules which “Poor Richard” would have cheerfully approved.  He might have accepted also the Essay on “Wealth” as having a good sense so like his own that he could hardly tell the difference between them.

“Wealth begins in a tight roof that keeps the rain and wind out; in a good pump that yields you plenty of sweet water; in two suits of clothes, so as to change your dress when you are wet; in dry sticks to burn; in a good double-wick lamp, and three meals; in a horse or locomotive to cross the land; in a boat to cross the sea; in tools to work with; in books to read; and so, in giving, on all sides, by tools and auxiliaries, the greatest possible extension to our powers, as if it added feet, and hands, and eyes, and blood, length to the day, and knowledge and good will.  Wealth begins with these articles of necessity.—­

    “To be rich is to have a ticket of admission to the masterworks and
    chief men of each race.—­

“The pulpit and the press have many commonplaces denouncing the thirst for wealth; but if men should take these moralists at their word, and leave off aiming to be rich, the moralists would rush to rekindle at all hazards this love of power in the people, lest civilization should be undone.”

Who can give better counsels on “Culture” than Emerson?  But we must borrow only a few sentences from his essay on that subject.  All kinds of secrets come out as we read these Essays of Emerson’s.  We know something of his friends and disciples who gathered round him and sat at his feet.  It is not hard to believe that he was drawing one of those composite portraits Mr. Galton has given us specimens of when he wrote as follows:—­

“The pest of society is egotism.  This goitre of egotism is so frequent among notable persons that we must infer some strong necessity in nature which it subserves; such as we see in the sexual attraction.  The preservation of the species was a point of such necessity that Nature has secured it at all hazards by immensely overloading the passion, at the risk of perpetual crime and disorder.  So egotism has its root in the cardinal necessity by which each individual persists to be what he is.

“The antidotes against this organic egotism are, the range and variety of attraction, as gained by acquaintance with the world, with men of merit, with classes of society, with travel, with eminent persons, and with the high resources of philosophy, art, and religion:  books, travel, society, solitude.”

“We can ill spare the commanding social benefits of cities; they must be used; yet cautiously and haughtily,—­and will yield their best values to him who can best do without them.  Keep the town for occasions, but the